Towards nitrile-substituted cyclopropanes – a slow-release protocol for safe and scalable applications of diazo acetonitrile

spectroscopy, SYNTHESIS Comments Off

Apr 222017

Towards nitrile-substituted cyclopropanes – a slow-release protocol for safe and scalable applications of diazo acetonitrile

Green Chem., 2017, Advance Article

DOI: 10.1039/C7GC00602K, Communication

Katharina J. Hock, Robin Spitzner, Rene M. Koenigs
Applications of diazo acetonitrile in cyclopropa(e)nation reactions are realized in a slow-release protocol with bench-stable reagents. Cyclopropyl nitriles are obtained in one step in good diastereoselectivity on a gram-scale providing an efficient entry into this class of fragrances and drug-like molecules.

trans-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonitrile

colorless solid (46 mg, 81%);

m.p. = 29°C;

1 H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.34 – 7.30 (m, 2H), 7.28 – 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.12 – 7.08 (m, 2H), 2.63 (ddd, J = 9.2, 6.7, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 1.62 (dt, J = 9.2, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 1.55 (ddd, J = 8.7, 5.5, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.45 (ddd, J = 8.8, 6.7, 5.3 Hz, 1H);

13C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 137.55, 128.76, 127.41, 126.31, 121.05, 24.90, 15.24, 6.63;

HRMS (ESI): m/z calc. for [C10H9NNa]: 166.06272, found 166.06276;

IR (KBr): νmax/cm-1 = 3044, 2235, 2098, 1761, 1600, 1461, 1220, 1051, 920, 705.

The analytical data is in correspondence with the literature [2]

[2] M. Gao, N. N. Patwardhan, P. R. Carlier, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135 (38), 14390–14400

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2017/GC/C7GC00602K?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2FGC+%28RSC+-+Green+Chem.+latest+articles%29#!divAbstract

Towards nitrile-substituted cyclopropanes – a slow-release protocol for safe and scalable applications of diazo acetonitrile

Katharina J. Hock,^a Robin Spitzner^a and Rene M. Koenigs*^a

Author affiliations

*Corresponding authors

^aRWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Diazo acetonitrile has long been neglected despite its high value in organic synthesis due to a high risk of explosions. Herein, we report our efforts towards the transient and safe generation of this diazo compound, its applications in iron catalyzed cyclopropanation and cyclopropenation reactions and the gram-scale synthesis of cyclopropyl nitriles.

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Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride, a known carcinogen

PROCESS Comments Off

Mar 142017

Identifiers

CAS Number	79-44-7
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.099
PubChem	6598
Properties
Chemical formula	C₃H₆ClNO

Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride

Mechanisms for the Formation of Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride

Thionyl chloride is the most common reagent in process chemistry for the conversion of a carboxylic acid to an acid chloride. One of the primary factors is cost, since the reagent is inexpensive and represents one of the most cost-efficient ways of preparing acid chlorides. However, one disadvantage of thionyl chloride is the potential formation of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, a known carcinogen in animal models, when used in combination with DMF as catalyst.

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is a reagent for transferring a dimethylcarbonyl group to alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl groups forming dimethyl carbamates, usually having pharmacological or pesticidal activities. Because of its high toxicity and its carcinogenic properties shown in animal experiments and presumably also in humans,^[1] dimethylcarbamoyl chloride can only be used under stringent safety precautions.

Production and occurrence

The production of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride from phosgene and dimethylamine (DMA) was reported as early as 1879 (reported as “Dimethylharnstoffchlorid” – dimethylurea chloride).^[2]

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride can be produced in high yields (90%) at 275 °C by reacting phosgene with gaseous dimethylamine in a flow reactor.^[3] To suppress the formation of ureas excessive phosgene is used (in a 3:1 ratio).

The reaction can also be carried out at the laboratory scale with diphosgene or triphosgene and a aqueous dimethylamine solution in the two-phase system benzene+xylene/water in a stirred reactor with sodium hydroxide as an acid scavenger. However, considerably lower yields (56%) are achieved due to the hydrolysis sensitivity of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride .^[4]

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is also formed (together with methyl chloride) when reacting phosgene with trimethylamine.^[5]

A more recent process is based on dimethylamine chloride, which is converted practically quantitatively to dimethylcarbamoyl chloride on a palladium catalyst under pressure with carbon monoxide at room temperature.^[6]

Dicarbamoyl chloride can also be formed in small amounts (0-20 ppm) from dimethylformamide (DMF) in the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction^[7] or when DMF is used as a catalyst in the reaction of carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride to the corresponding carboxylic acid chlorides.^[8]

The tendency towards dicarbamoyl chloride formation depends on the chlorination reagent (thionyl chloride> oxalyl chloride> phosphorus oxychloride) and is higher in the presence of a base. However, dicarbamoyl chloride hydrolyses very quickly to dimethylamine, hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide (with a half-life of about 6 minutes at 0 °C) so that less than 3 ppm of dicarbamoyl chloride are found in the Vilsmeier product after aqueous work-up.^[9]

Properties[edit]

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is a clear, colorless, corrosive and flammable liquid with a pungent odor and a tear-penetrating effect, which decomposes rapidly in water.^[10]Because of its unpleasant, toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties^[11]^[12] it has to be used under extreme precautions.

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride behaves like an acid chloride whose chlorine atom can be exchanged for other nucleophiles. Therefore, it reacts with alcohols, phenols and oximes to the corresponding N, N-dimethylcarbamates, with thiols to thiolourethanes, with amines and hydroxylamine to substituted ureas, and with imidazoles and triazoles to carbamoylazoles.^[13]

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is less reactive and less selective to substrates with multiple nucleophilic centers than conventional acid chlorides.

Unsaturated conjugated aldehydes such as (2E)-butenal react with dimethylcarbamoyl chloride forming dienyl carbamates, which can be used as dienes in Diels-Alder reactions.^[14]

Alkali metal carboxylates react with dimethylcarbamoyl chloride forming the corresponding dimethylamides. Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride reacts with anhydrous sodium carbonate^[15] or with excess dimethylamine to tetramethylurea.^[16]

The reaction of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride with DMF forms tetramethylformamidinium^[17] chloride which is a major intermediate in the preparation of tris(dimethylamino)methane, a reagent for the introduction of enamine functions in conjunction with activated methylene groups^[18] and the preparation of amidines.^[19]

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is a starting material for the insecticide class of the dimethyl carbamates^[20] which act as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, including dimetilane,^[21]and the related compounds isolane, pirimicarb and triazamate.

The quaternary ammonium compounds neostigmine^[22] finds pharmaceutical applications as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. It is obtained from 3-dimethylaminophenol and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride and subsequent quaternization with methyl bromide or dimethyl sulfate^[23]

and pyridostigmine, which is obtainable from 3-hydroxypyridine and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride and subsequent reaction with methyl bromide.^[24]

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is also used in the synthesis of the benzodiazepine camazepam.^[25]

Image result for Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride

13c NMR

MASS

RAMAN

References

Jump up^ R.P. Pohanish (2011) (in German), Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 6th Edition, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 1045–1047, ISBN 978-1437778694
Jump up^ W. Michler; C. Escherich (1879), “Ueber mehrfach substituirte Harnstoffe” (in German), Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 12 (1): pp. 1162–1164, doi:10.1002/cber.187901201303
Jump up^ R.J. Slocombe; E.A. Hardy; J.H. Saunders; R.L. Jenkins (1950), “Phosgene derivatives. The preparation of isocyanates, carbamyl chlorides and cyanuric acid” (in German), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72 (5): pp. 1888–1891, doi:10.1002/ja01161a009
Jump up^ G. Karimipour; S. Kowkabi; A. Naghiha (2015), “New aminoporphyrins bearing urea derivative substituents: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antifungal activity” (in German), Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 58 (3), doi:10.1590/S1516-891320500024
Jump up^ H. Babad; A.G. Zeiler (1973), “Chemistry of Phosgene” (in German), Chem. Rev. 73 (1): pp. 75–91, doi:10.1021/cr60281a005
Jump up^ T. Saegusa; T. Tsuda; Y. Isegawa (1971), “Carbamoyl chloride formation from chloramine and carbon monoxide” (in German), J. Org. Chem. 36 (6): pp. 858–860, doi:10.1021/jo00805a033
Jump up^ M. Stare; K. Laniewski; A. Westermark; M. Sjögren; W. Tian (2009), “Investigation on the formation and hydrolysis of N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (DMCC) in Vilsmeier reactions using /GC/MS as the analytical detection method” (in German), Org. Process Res. Dev. 13 (5): pp. 857–862, doi:10.1021/op900018f
Jump up^ D. Levin (1997), “Potential toxicological concerns associated with carboxylic acid chlorination and other reactions” (in German), Org. Process Res. Dev. 1 (2): pp. 182, doi:10.1021/op970206t
Jump up^ A. Queen (1967), “Kinetics of the hydrolysis of acyl chlorides in pure water” (in German), Canad. J. Chem. 45 (14): pp. 1619–1629, doi:10.1139/v67-264
Jump up^ C.B. Kreutzberger; R.A. Olofson (2001), “Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride” (in German), e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, doi:10.1002/047084289X.rd319
Jump up^ P. Jäger; C.N. Rentzea; H. Kieczka (2014) (in German), Carbamates and Carbamoyl Chloride, in Ullmann’s Fine Chemicals, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, pp. 57–58, ISBN 978-3-527-33477-3
Jump up^ “Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride, CAS No. 79-44-7” (PDF). Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition (in German). National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Jump up^ C.B. Kreutzberger, R.A. Olofson (2007-02-01). “Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride” (in German). John Wiley&Sons, Ltd. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up^ P.F. De Cusati; R.A. Olofson (1990), “A simple synthesis of 1-(1,3-butadienyl)carbonates and carbamates” (in German), Tetrahedron Lett. 31 (10): pp. 1405–1408, doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)88817-6
Jump up^ J.K. Lawson Jr.; J.A.T. Croom (1963), “Dimethylamides from alkali carboxylates and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride” (in German), J. Org. Chem. 28 (1): pp. 232–235, doi:10.1021/jo1036a513
Jump up^ US 3597478, M.L. Weakly, “Preparation of tetramethylurea”
Jump up^ Z. Arnold (1959), “The preparation of tetramethylformamidinium salts and their vinylogues” (in German), Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun. 24: pp. 760–765, doi:10.1135/cccc19590760
Jump up^ H. Meerwein; W. Florian; N. Schön; G. Stopp (1961), “Über Säureamidacetale, Harnstoffacetale und Lactamacetale” (in German), Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 641 (1): pp. 1–39, doi:10.1002/jlac.19616410102
Jump up^ H. Bredereck; F. Effenberger; Th. Brendle (1966), “Synthese und Reaktionen von Trisdimethylaminomethan” (in German), Angew. Chem. 78 (2): pp. 147–148, doi:10.1002/ange.19660780212
Jump up^ “Compendium of Pesticide Common Names” (in German). Alan Wood. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up^ US 3452043, T. Grauer, H. Urwyler, “Production of 1-N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl-5-methyl-3-N,N-dimethyl-carbamoyl-oxy-pyrazole”
Jump up^ J.A. Aeschlimann; M. Reinert (1931), “Pharmacological action of some analogues of physostigmine” (in German), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 43 (3): pp. 413–444
Jump up^ US 1905990, J.A. Aeschlimann, “Disubstituted carbamic acid esters of phenols containing a basic constituent”
Jump up^ US 2572579, “Disubstituted carbamic acid esters of 3-hydroxy-1-alkyl-pyridinium salts”
Jump up^ DOS 2448015, “Verfahren zur Herstellung des 3-N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl-oxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-7-chlor-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-on”

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Cholecystokinin-2/gastrin antagonists: 5-hydroxy-5-aryl-pyrrol-2-ones as anti-inflammatory analgesics for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Uncategorized Comments Off

Mar 132017

Cholecystokinin-2/gastrin antagonists: 5-hydroxy-5-aryl-pyrrol-2-ones as anti-inflammatory analgesics for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Med. Chem. Commun., 2017, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C6MD00707D, Research Article

E. Lattmann, J. Sattayasai, R. Narayanan, N. Ngoc, D. Burrell, P. N. Balaram, T. Palizdar, P. Lattmann
Arylated 5-hydroxy-pyrrol-2-ones were prepared in 2 synthetic steps from mucochloric acid and optimised as CCK₂-selective ligands using a range of assays.

Cholecystokinin-2/gastrin antagonists: 5-hydroxy-5-aryl-pyrrol-2-ones as anti-inflammatory analgesics for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

E. Lattmann,*^a J. Sattayasai,^b R. Narayanan,^c N. Ngoc,^a D. Burrell,^a P. N. Balaram,^d T. Palizdar^a and P. Lattmann^d

*Corresponding authors

^aSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
E-mail: [email protected]

^bDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 40002 Khon Kaen, Thailand

^cDepartment of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA

^dPNB Vesper Life Science PVT, Cochin, India

Med. Chem. Commun., 2017, Advance Article

DOI: 10.1039/C6MD00707D

Arylated 5-hydroxy-pyrrol-2-ones were prepared in 2 synthetic steps from mucochloric acid and optimised as CCK₂-selective ligands using radiolabelled binding assays. CCK antagonism was confirmed for the ligands in isolated tissue preparations. DSS (dextran sulfate sodium)-induced inflammation was analysed for derivative 7 and PNB-001 with L-365,260 as a standard. The IC₅₀ of PNB-001 was determined to be 10 nM. Subsequent in vivo evaluation confirmed anti-inflammatory activity with respect to IBD assays. The best molecule, PNB-001, showed analgesic activity in the formalin test and in the hotplate assay, in which the analgesic effect of 1.5 mg kg⁻¹ PNB-001 was equivalent to 40 mg kg⁻¹ tramadol. The CCK₂-selective antagonist PNB-001 protected rats against indomethacin-induced ulceration at similar doses. The GI protection activity was found to be more potent than that of the 10 mg kg⁻¹ dose of prednisolone, which served as a standard.

General Method: The relevant amine (2.5 times excess) was added to a solution of lactone A – E (0.7 mol) in ether (10 ml) and stirred on ice for 30 minutes, allowing to warm up to RT over the time. The resultant mixture was poured into 5 ml water and separated by separating funnel. The mixture was washed with water three times. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulphate and the solvent was removed under vacuum. All compounds gave an oily solid which were passed through a column (80% ether, 20% petrol ether). The resulting fractions were dried from excess solvent under vacuum to yield crystals. 4-Chloro-1-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one 1 Yield = 83 %; mp: 177-179 oC;

MS (APCI(+)): 193/195 (M+1), 250/252 (M+) m/z

1H NMR (CDCl3) 250 MHz:  = 7.41 (m, 5H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 2.18 (m, 1H), 0.95-1.04 & 0.38-0.69 (m, 4H);

13C NMR (CDCl3) 167.4, 154.8, 135.2, 129.2, 128.8, 126.1, 122.2, 93.5, 22.6 , 3.8, 5.1;

IR (KBr-disc)  max: 3416, 3260, 3105, 3011, 2363, 2338, 1671, 1602, 1490, 1450, 1409, 1369, 1256, 1144, 1032, 939, 833, 752, 702 cm-1 .

/////////////////Cholecystokinin-2/gastrin antagonists, 5-hydroxy-5-aryl-pyrrol-2-ones, anti-inflammatory analgesics, inflammatory bowel disease

Award for me, 100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders, Global listing

Uncategorized Comments Off

Feb 142017

str6

At award function for my award “100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders Global listing”, conferred on me at Taj lands end, Mumbai, India on 14 Feb 2014 by World Health Wellness congress and awards

tert-butyl(3aR,6aS)-5-oxohexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate

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Feb 092017

Abstract Image

tert-butyl(3aR,6aS)-5-oxohexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (3aR,6aS)-5-Oxohexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate (1)

pure compound 1 (1.051 kg, 67%) as a white solid. Mp: 70–71 °C (uncorrected); [α]²⁵_D +0.40° (c 1.00 CHCl₃); % purity: 98.5% (HPLC);

¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ: 1.46 (s, 9H), 2.15 (dd, J₁ = 4.8 Hz, J₂ = 19.6 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (dd, J₁ = 7.4 Hz, J₂ = 19.6 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (bs, 2H), 3.16–3.28 (m, 2H), 3.65–3.67 (m, 2H).;

¹³C NMR (CDCl₃, 100 MHz) δ: 38.49, 39.36, 42.32, 50.51, 50.77, 79.49, 154.39, 217.65; IR (KBr): ν = 638, 771, 877, 1118, 1166, 1247, 1367, 1402, 1691, 1741, 2877, 2910, 2958, 2976, 3005 cm^–1;

TOFMS: [C₁₂H₁₉NO₃ + H⁺]: calculated 226.1438, found 152.0663 (M-OtBu)⁺ (100%), 170.0755 (M-tBu + H)⁺ (40%), 248.1166 (M + Na)⁺ (5%).

Anal. Calcd for C₁₂H₁₉NO₃: C, 63.98; H, 8.50; N, 6.22. Found: C, 63.89; H, 8.27; N, 5.97.

HPLC conditions were as follows for compound ; Agilent 1100 series, column: YMC J’SPHERE C18 (150 mm X 4.6 mm) 4µm with mobile phases A (0.05% TFA in water) and B (acetonitrile). Detection was at 210 nm, flow was set at 1.0 mL/min, and the temperature was 30 °C (Run time: 45 min). Gradient: 0 min, A = 90%, B = 10%; 5.0 min, A = 90%, B = 10%; 25 min, A = 0%, B = 100%; 30 min, A = 0%, B = 100%, 35 min, A = 90%, B = 10%; 45 min, A = 90%, B = 10%.

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00399

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00399

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(3R)-4-[2-chloro-6-[[(R)-methylsulfinyl]methyl]pyrimidin-4-yl]-3-methyl-morpholine

spectroscopy Comments Off

Feb 092017

(3R)-4-[2-chloro-6-[[(R)-methylsulfinyl]methyl]pyrimidin-4-yl]-3-methyl-morpholine

Synthesis of (3R)-4-[2-chloro-6-[[(R)-methylsulfinyl]methyl]pyrimidin-4-yl]-3-methyl-morpholine (10)

off-white solid (53.9 kg, 68.3% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ): 1.20 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H), 2.52 (m, 1 H), 2.63 (s, 3 H), 3.21 (m, 1 H), 3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.58 (dd, J = 11.6, 3.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.72 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.92 (m, 3 H), 4.07 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.80 (s, 1 H); Assay (HPLC) 99%; Assay (QNMR) 100%; Chiral purity (HPLC) (R,R)-diastereoisomer 99.6%, (R,S)-diastereoisomer 0.4%.

A Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase enzyme has been used to manufacture a chiral sulfoxide drug intermediate on a kilogram scale. This paper describes the evolution of the biocatalytic manufacturing process from the initial enzyme screen, development of a kilo lab process, to further optimization for plant scale manufacture. Efficient gas–liquid mass transfer of oxygen is key to obtaining a high yield.

Development and Scale-up of a Biocatalytic Process To Form a Chiral Sulfoxide

William R. F. Goundry^*

, Bradley Adams, Helen Benson, Julie Demeritt†∥, Steven McKown, Keith Mulholland, Amy Robertson, Paul Siedlecki, Paula Tomlin, and Kevin Vare

The Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00391

Publication Date (Web): January 4, 2017

*Tel: +44 (0)1625-519149. E-mail: [email protected].

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00391

Examples of biologically active molecules containing a sulfoxide or sulfoximine: esomeprazole (3), aprikalim (4), oxisurane (5), OPC-29030 (6), ZD3638 (7), buthionine sulfoximine (8), and AZD6738 (9).

“ALL FOR DRUGS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This article is a compilation for educational purposes only.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent

(±)-trans-ethyl 2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)Cyclopropanecarboxylate

spectroscopy Comments Off

Feb 092017

(±)-trans-ethyl 2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)Cyclopropanecarboxylate

C12H12F2O2

GC-MS (EI) m/z: [M]+ calc. for C12H12F2O2 + : 226.08; found: 226.08.

δH (400 MHz, CDCl3): 1.25 (1H, ddd, 3 J 8.4 Hz, 3 J 6.4 Hz, 2 J 4.5 Hz , 3-H); 1.28 (3H, t 3 J 6.4 Hz CH3Ethyl) 1.57-1.62 (2H, m, 3 J 9.2 Hz, 3 J 5.2 Hz, 2 J 4.5 Hz, 3-H + H2O), 1.84 (1H, ddd, 3 J 8.5 Hz, 3 J 5.3 Hz, 3 J 4.3 Hz , 2-H), 2.47 (1H, ddd, 3 J 9.5 Hz, 3 J 6.4 Hz, 3 J 4.2 Hz , 1-H), 4.17 (2H, q, 3 J 6.3 Hz, CH2Ethyl) 6.81-6.87 (1H, m, 3 J 8.5 Hz, 4 J 7.6 Hz, 4 J 2.4 Hz, 6-H’ ), 6.88 (1H, ddd, 3 J 11.5 Hz, 4 J 7.6 Hz, 4 J 2.2 Hz, 2-H’) 7.06 (1H, dt, 3 J 10.3 Hz, 3 J 8.2 Hz. 5-H’).

δc (400 MHz, CDCl3): 14.27 (CH3Ethyl), 16.84 (3-C) 24.04 (1-C), 25.14 (d, 4 J 1.4, 2-C), 60.71 (CH2Ethyl), 114.74 (d, 2 J 19 Hz, 2-C’), 117.09 (d, 2 J 18 Hz, 5-C’), 122.25 (dd, 3 J 6.1 Hz, 4 J 3.4 Hz, 6- C’), 137.06 (dd, 3 J 6.1 Hz, 4 J 3.4 Hz, 1- C’), 149.2 (dd, 1 J 248 Hz, 2 J 13 Hz, 4-C’) 151.32 (dd, 1 J 249 Hz, 2 J 12.5 Hz, 3-C’) 172.87 (Ccarbonyl).

[ ] 20 a D = -381.9 (c 1.0 in EtOH) for (1R,2R)-3, ee = 95%

In this study a batch reactor process is compared to a flow chemistry approach for lipase-catalyzed resolution of the cyclopropanecarboxylate ester (±)-3. (1R,2R)-3 is a precursor of the amine (1R,2S)-2 which is a key building block of the API ticagrelor. For both flow and batch operation, the biocatalyst could be recycled several times, whereas in the case of the flow process the reaction time was significantly reduced.

Comparison of a Batch and Flow Approach for the Lipase-Catalyzed Resolution of a Cyclopropanecarboxylate Ester, A Key Building Block for the Synthesis of Ticagrelor

Katharina G. Hugentobler^†, Marcello Rasparini^‡, Lisa A. Thompson^§, Katherine E. Jolley^§, A. John Blacker^§, and Nicholas J. Turner^*^†

^† School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom

^‡ Chemessentia, SRL – Via G. Bovio, 6-28100 Novara, Italy

^§ Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00346

Publication Date (Web): December 22, 2016

*E-mail: [email protected].

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00346

“ALL FOR DRUGS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This article is a compilation for educational purposes only.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent

tert-Butyl 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-2(3H)-carboxylate

Uncategorized Comments Off

Feb 042017

tert-Butyl 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-2(3H)-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-2(3H)-carboxylate

as a brown oil. % Purity: 93.72% (GC);

¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ: 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.89–194 (m, 2H), 2.20–2.33 (m, 4H), 3.08 (dd, J₁ = 6.2 Hz, J₂= 10.2 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (dd, J₁ = 4.8 Hz, J₂ = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.37–3.43 (m, 2H), 5.65 (s, 2H);

¹³C NMR (CDCl₃, 100 MHz) δ: 24.63, 24.68, 28.49, 33.35, 34.23, 50.86, 50.92, 78.88, 124.19, 124.50, 155.22;

IR (CHCl₃): ν = 756, 1128, 1170, 1217, 1411, 1685, 2937, 2978, 3009 cm^–1;

TOFMS: [C₁₃H₂₁NO₂ + H⁺]: calculated 224.1645, found 168.0958 (M-tBu + H)⁺ (100%), 246.1382 (M + Na)⁺ (5%).

GC conditions were as follows for compound 4; Agilent GC-FID 7890A, column: ZB-5MSi (30 m X 0.32 mm, 0.25 µm) with injector temperature 250 ºC and detector temperature 280 ºC, diluent was Methanol, Oven temperature was at 70 ºC isocratic for 3 min. then raised up to 250 ºC @ 20 ºC/min then 15 min. hold.

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00399

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00399

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2,2′-(1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diyl)diacetic Acid

spectroscopy, SYNTHESIS, Uncategorized Comments Off

Feb 012017

2,2′-(1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diyl)diacetic Acid

as a white solid. Mp: 162–163 °C, % purity: 94.09% (HPLC);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz) δ: 1.38 (s, 9H), 2.10–2.18 (m, 2H), 2.28–2.32 (m, 2H), 2.49–2.50 (m, 2H, merged with DMSO peak), 2.97–3.03 (m, 2H), 3.33–3.40 (m, 2H), 12.23 (bs, 2H); ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ: 1.46 (s, 9H), 2.26 (ddd, J₁ = 2.8 Hz, J₂ = 9.2 Hz, J₃ = 16.0 Hz, 2H), 2.43 (dd, J₁ = 5.2 Hz, J₂ = 16.0 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (m, 2H), 3.16 (dd, J₁ = 5.2 Hz, J₂ = 10.8 Hz, 2H), 3.49–3.54 (m, 2H);

¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆, 100 MHz) δ: 28.49, 32.97, 36.49, 37.31, 50.10, 50.20, 78.67, 154.05, 173.96;

IR (KBr): ν = 871, 933, 1143, 1166, 1292, 1411, 1689, 1708, 2881, 2929, 2980, 3001 cm^–1;

TOFMS: [C₁₃H₂₁NO₆ – H⁺]: calculated 286.1296, found 286.1031(100%).

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00399

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00399

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Dimethyl 4,4′-(Benzylazanediyl)(2E,2′E)-bis(but-2-enoate)

spectroscopy, SYNTHESIS, Uncategorized Comments Off

Jan 312017

Dimethyl 4,4′-(Benzylazanediyl)(2E,2′E)-bis(but-2-enoate)

IR (CHCl₃): ν = 758, 1215, 1278, 1437, 1660, 1720, 2806, 2953, 3020, 3421 cm^–1;

¹³C NMR (CDCl₃, 100 MHz) δ: 51.53, 53.42, 58.37, 122.66, 127.28, 128.41, 128.55, 128.76, 138.24, 145.84, 166.58;

¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ: 3.23 (dd, J₁ = 1.6 Hz, J₂ = 6.0 Hz, 4H), 3.62 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 6H), 6.07 (dt, J₁ = 1.6 Hz, J₂ = 16.0 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (dt, J₁ = 6.0 Hz, J₂ = 16.0 Hz, 2H), 7.25–7.34 (m, 5H-merged with CDCl₃ proton);

TOFMS: [C₁₇H₂₁NO₄ + H⁺]: calculated 304.1543, found 304.1703(100%).

UPLC conditions were as follows for compound 11; Acquity Waters, column: BEH C18 (2.1 mm X 100 mm) 1.7 µm with mobile phases A (0.05% TFA in water) and B (acetonitrile). Detection was at 220 nm, flow was set at 0.4 mL/min, and the temperature was 30 °C (Run time: 9 min). Gradient: 0 min, A = 90%, B = 10%; 0.5 min, A = 90%, B = 10%; 6.0 min, A = 0%, B = 100%; 7.5 min, A = 0%, B = 100%; 7.6 min, A = 90%, B = 10%; 9.0 min, A = 90%, B = 10%.

Dimethyl 4,4′-(Benzylazanediyl)(2E,2′E)-bis(but-2-enoate) (11)

as a yellow oil. % purity: 93.4% (UPLC);