DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Worlddrugtracker, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his PhD from ICT ,1991, Mumbai, India, in Organic chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA as ADVISOR earlier GLENMARK LS Research centre as consultant,Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Prior to joining Glenmark, he worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now sSanofi, Searle India ltd, now Rpg lifesciences, etc. he is now helping millions, has million hits on google on all organic chemistry websites. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, Eurekamoments in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 year tenure, good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several international drug patents published worldwide . He gas good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, polymorphism etc He suffered a paralytic stroke in dec 2007 and is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, he has one lakh connections on all networking sites, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, amcrasto@gmail.com

USP publishes draft of a new general chapter <661.3> for plastic components used in manufacturing

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May 122016

In the Pharmacopoeial Forum (PF) 42(3) (May-June 2016) the USP General Chapters – Packaging and Distribution Expert Committee proposes a new general chapter <661.3> Plastic Components and Systems Used in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and a revised version of general chapter <1661> Evaluation of Plastic Packaging and Manufacturing Systems and Their Materials of construction with Respect to Their User Safety Impact. Read more about USPs Proposal on Plastic Components and Systems Used in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing.

<1661> Evaluation of Plastic Packaging and Manufacturing Systems and Their Materials of construction with Respect to Their User Safety Impact. Read more about USPs Proposal on Plastic Components and Systems Used in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing.

see

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05341_USP-publishes-draft-of-a-new-general-chapter–661.3–for-plastic-components-used-in-manufacturing_15303,15493,Z-PKM_n.html

In the Pharmacopoeial Forum (PF) 42(3) (May-June 2016) the USP General Chapters – Packaging and Distribution Expert Committee proposes a new chapter to address the qualification of plastic components used in the manufacture of APIs (pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical) and drug products (DPs). The proposed Title of the new chapter <661.3> is Plastic Components and Systems Used in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. The draft is open for comment until July 31, 2016.

The chapter is part of a suite of chapters, including Plastic Packaging Systems and Their Materials of Construction <661>,Plastic Materials of Construction <661.1>, Plastic Packaging Systems for Pharmaceutical Use <661.2>, and Evaluation of Plastic Packaging and Manufacturing Systems and Their Materials of construction with Respect to Their User Safety Impact<1661>. In addition a section has been added to general chapter <1661> to support the use and understanding of the new general chapter <661.3>. The revision of general chapter <1661> (including change of title) also appears in the PF issue 42(3).

The chapter <661.3> addresses the qualification of plastic components used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and is applicable solely to those processes that involve liquid process streams and process intermediates due to the expected increased degree of interaction with liquids. Plastic manufacturing systems for pharmaceutical use include – for example – bags, cassettes, chromatographic columns, connectors, filling needles, filters, sensors, tanks, tubing, and valves.Elastomeric parts such as diaphragms, gaskets, and O-rings are not in the scope of this chapter. A flow diagram that shows a typical bioprocess DP production suite is shown in general chapter <1661>, Figure 2.

The manufacturer of APIs and DPs is responsible for ensuring that the plastic components and systems used are suited for the intended purpose. It is likely that raw materials, intermediates, process streams, APIs, and DPs will get in contact with one or more plastic component(s) of the manufacturing suite during the manufacturing process, resulting in process-related impurities (PrIs). PrIs have the potential to alter a quality attribute of the DP, if the PrIs persist through the manufacturing process.

Plastic manufacturing components and systems are chemically suited for their intended use with respect to safety if:

they are constructed from well-characterized materials that have been intentionally chosen for use as established by the test methods included in general chapter <661.1>;
The general physicochemical properties of the components have been established;
The biocompatibility (biological reactivity) has been appropriately established;
They have been established as safe by means of the appropriate chemical testing, such as extractables or leachables profiling and toxicological assessment of the test data (“chemical safety assessment”).

The chapter provides guidance on the appropriate application of biological reactivity tests (reference to general chapters <87>, <88>) and physicochemical tests (reference to Food Additive regulations and general chapter <661.1>, where applicable) for manufacturing components and systems. A two-stage approach consisting of an Initial Assessment followed by a Risk assessment leads to the required level of component characterization. The Initial Assessment examines the factors present for demonstration of equivalence with a comparator component or system by looking at the following parameters:

purpose and composition of component or system;
composition of DP(s);
processing conditions;
product dosage form.

The demonstration of equivalence would allow acceptance of the component (or system) without any further characterization. If equivalence cannot be established between the component (or system) under consideration and the comparator, then a Risk Assessment should be conducted. The risk assessment matrix is provided in detail in general chapter <1661>. The outcome of this assessment results in three risk levels: low (A), moderate (B), and high (C). These levels are linked according to the risk of the individual dosage form (e.g. solid oral and liquid oral, others than solid oral and liquid oral) to test requirements as shown in the draft chapter <661.3>. All three risk levels require identification of the component or system as specified in general chapter <661.1>. Identity is only required for those components or systems that consist of single materials of construction (individual polymers only). Biological reactivity testing according to USP general chapter <87> (In Vitro) is required for all levels plus testing according to Class VI in <88> (In Vivo) for Level B and C. Level A and B require that the component or system be tested as specified in general chapter <661.1> for physicochemical characteristics and extractable metals characteristics. Level C components (or systems) must be characterized more rigorously than level A and B components in view of the extractables profile.
Additives: For level A components reference to 21 CFR Indirect Food Additive regulations is sufficient, for level B components additives are determined by testing, and for level C components extraction studies have to be performed.

After free registration in the Pharmarcopoeial Forum you can read the complete drafts of the new general chapter <661.3> and the revised chapter <1661>.

/////USP, draft, new general chapter, <661.3>, plastic components, manufacturing

EMA’s new Draft Guideline on the Sterilisation of Medicinal Products, APIs, Excipients and Primary Containers

regulatory Comments Off

May 122016

For medicinal products administrated in sterile form, the process to reduce the microbial level is a critical manufacturing step with regard to quality. The EMA has recently published the draft of a guideline on that topic which contains a range of clarifications. Read more about the coming requirements on sterilisation of medicinal products, APIs, excipients and final containers

see

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05350_EMA-s-new-Draft-Guideline-on-the-Sterilisation-of-Medicinal-Products–APIs–Excipients-and-Primary-Containers_15435,S-WKS_n.html

As referred to in the European Pharmacopoeia, the procedure for terminal sterilisation of a medicinal product, an API, or an excipient is generally the method of choice. Yet, this might be difficult in many cases for product stability reasons. That’s why other microbial reduction processes can be used like sterilising filtration or aseptic processing. So far, there has been some uncertainty about these methods and their acceptance in a marketing authorisation procedure or a variation application, and about which data have to be submitted.

EMA’s new draft guideline entitled “Guideline on the sterilisation of the medicinal product, active substance, excipient and primary container” from April 2016 contains clear provisions with regard to the acceptance of alternative sterilisation processes by the European authorisation authorities. Those provisions apply to chemical and biological medicinal products for human and veterinary use as well as the respective APIs and excipients, but aren’t applicable for immunological veterinary medicinal products.

The document describes the requirements on sterilisation of medicinal products, APIs, excipients and primary containers, as well as on the choice of the method of sterilisation. Besides, the document contains two decision trees for the selection of the sterilisation method for products in diverse galenic forms.

Please find hereafter a summary of most important aspects in this chapter:

Manufacturing of sterile medicinal products
The conditions and physical parameters for the following processes are described in detail:

Steam sterilisation
Dry heat sterilisation
Ionisation radiation sterilisation (here reference is made to the Note for Guidance “The use of Radiation in the Manufacture for Medicinal Products“, ISO 11137 and Ph. Eur. Chapter 5.1.1)
Gas sterilisation (with ethylene oxide, ethylene chlorhydrin, etc.)
Sterile filtration
Aseptic processing

Basically, the following rules apply to all processes:

The choice of the sterilisation method has to be justified.
The method must be validated.
The method described in the corresponding general monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia has to be used. All deviations have to be justified.
The procedures for all sites (including outsourced activities) where sterilisation is performed have to be documented (CTD module 3, chapters 3.2.P.2 and 3.2.P.3).

Manufacturing of sterile APIs and excipients
The document clarifies that the requirements laid down in Part II of the EU GMP Guide are only applicable for the manufacture beginning with the starting material up to the finished API, immediately prior to sterilisation. The sterilisation step performed on the API is considered to be a step in the manufacture of the medicinal product. As a consequence, each manufacturing establishment which performs sterilisation of an API requires a manufacturing authorisation, a GMP certificate and thus aQualified Person too. This also applies to establishments which manufacture sterile excipients. APIs and excipients with a Certificate of Suitability (CEP) are also covered by this regulation.

Selection of the sterilisation method
The following principles apply:

According to Ph. Eur., general chapter 5.1.1, the terminal sterilisation step should be made in the final container whenever possible.
When sterilisation by heat is not possible because of temperature sensitivity of the product, alternative methods or aseptic processing may be used if they are properly validated. Terminal steps for the reduction of the microbial level are also possible as long as they are not used to compensate for poor aseptic manufacturing practice.
A change (shortening) in shelf-life or storage conditions caused by the terminal sterilisation step is not in itself a reason to allow aseptic processing unless the new storage conditions or shelf-life would cause problems or restrictions in the use of the product.
An increase in impurity levels or degradation products upon terminal sterilisation doesn’t directly lead to the acceptation of aseptic processing. The risks induced by an increased level of impurities should be balanced with the risks induced with an aseptic manufacturing method (e.g. characteristics of the degradation products vs. posology of the medicinal product). Attempts performed to determine sterilisation conditions to give acceptable impurity levels and to simultaneously achieve a microbial reduction of at least 10^-6 have to be described in the quality dossier.
Under specific conditions, aseptic processing may be accepted even if terminal sterilisation of the product itself would be possible, e.g. in the case of eye drops in polyethylene containers enabling administration of single drops or pre-filled pens. Here, terminal sterilisation of the product would destroy the final container.
The considerations for the choice of the container should be described in the dossier also in the case of heat-sensitive final containers. Here, the search for materials which come through terminal sterilisation has priority. For example, polypropylene is more resistant than polyethylene. The choice for the final container has to be justified.
Large volume parenterals should be terminally sterilised whenever possible.

In general, the regulatory authorities will expect a detailed justification for the selection of the sterilisation method or the aseptic processing in the form of a benefit/risk analysis.

The essence of the requirements described in the chapters of this guideline can be found in the two decision trees for sterilisation of products in diverse administration forms (aqueous liquid; non-aqueous liquid, semi-solid, dry powder).

The deadline for comments on this Draft Guideline Sterilisation of the medicinal product, active substance, excipient and primary container ends on October, 13th 2016.

///////////////EMA, new Draft Guideline, Sterilisation of Medicinal Products, APIs, Excipients and Primary Containers

Buthionine Sulphoximine

Uncategorized Comments Off

May 112016

Buthionine Sulphoximine

A gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor potentially for the treatment of solid tumors.

NSC-326231; BSO

CAS No. 5072-26-4

BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; DL-Buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine; 5072-26-4; Buthionine sulfoxamine; Buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine; Buthione sulfoximine;

Molecular Formula:	C₈H₁₈N₂O₃S
Molecular Weight:	222.30512 g/mol

Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is a sulfoximine which reduces levels of glutathione and is being investigated as an adjunct withchemotherapy in the treatment of cancer.^[1] The compound inhibits gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the enzyme required in the first step of glutathione synthesis. Buthionine sulfoximine may also be used to increase the sensitivity of parasites to oxidativeantiparasitic drugs.^[2]

Buthionine sulphoximine is an oncolytic agent in early clinical development at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the treatment of neuroblastoma in pediatric patients in combination with melphalan and bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation.

DATA

1H NMR

13C NMR

Synthesis

Methionine and buthionine sulfoximines: Syntheses under mild and safe imidation/oxidation conditions
Advanced Synthesis&Catalysis (2014), 356, (10), 2209-2213

Abstract

Methionine and buthionine sulfoximines (MSO and BSO) are non-natural amino acids known to inhibit the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). The current syntheses of these biologically active molecules involve harsh reaction conditions and the use of hazardous reagents for the sulfur imidation. Here, improved syntheses of MSO and BSO are presented including safe and mild one-pot imidation/oxidation sequences and single-step deprotections of three different functionalities.

Methionine and Buthionine Sulfoximines: Syntheses under Mild and Safe Imidation/Oxidation Conditions

Laura Buglioni,
Vincent Bizet and
Carsten Bolm^*

DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400354

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adsc.201400354/abstract

References

Defty, CL; Marsden, JR (2012). “Melphalan in regional chemotherapy for locally recurrent metastatic melanoma.”. Current topics in medicinal chemistry 12 (1): 53–60. PMID 22196271.
“Definition of buthionine sulfoximine – National Cancer Institute Drug Dictionary”.

BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE.png

Buthionine sulfoximine
Names


IUPAC name 2-amino-4-(butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid
Other names BSO
Identifiers
CAS Number	5072-26-4
ChEBI	CHEBI:28714
ChemSpider	19896
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
MeSH	Buthionine+sulfoximine
PubChem	21157
InChI [show]
SMILES [show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C₈H₁₈N₂O₃S
Molar mass	222.305 g/mol
Density	1.29 g/mL
Melting point	215 °C (419 °F; 488 K)
Boiling point	382.3 °C (720.1 °F; 655.5 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

////NSC-326231, BSO, 5072-26-4, Butionine sulfoximine, Neuroblastoma

CCCCS(=N)(=O)CCC(C(=O)O)N

Multibiphenyl A, New biphenyls from Garcinia multiflora.

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May 112016

Figure 2 Selected HMBC (H→C) and ¹H-¹H correlation spectroscopy (COSY) (–) correlations of 1.

Compound 1 was obtained as a pale yellow gum. The molecular formula was determined to be C₂₀H₂₂O₆ from the molecular ion peak [M]⁺ at m/z 358.1408 in the EI-HRMS. The IR spectrum indicated that 1 possesses hydroxy (3422 cm^-1), phenyl (2939, 1498 cm^-1), and carbonyl (1721 cm^-1) functional groups. The ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra (Table 1) revealed the signals for a 1,2,3,4,5-pentasubstituted benzene ring [d_H 6.26 (1H, s, H-6); δ_C 129.6 (C-1), 119.7 (C-2), 144.9 (C-3), 135.0 (C-4), 147.2 (C-5), 105.9 (C-6)], one p-substituted benzene ring [d_H 7.00 (2H, dd, J 8.8, 2.4 Hz, H-8, H-12), 6.74 (2H, dd, J 8.8, 2.4 Hz, H-9, H-11); δ_C 133.8 (C-7), 131.7 (C-8, C-12), 115.7 (C-9, C-11), 157.1 (C-10)], one acetoxyprenyl group [d_H 3.21 (2H, d, J 6.7 Hz, H-1′), 5.44 (1H, d, J6.7 Hz, H-2′), 4.33 (2H, s, H-4′), 1.39 (3H, s, H-5′), and 1.99 (3H, s, H-OAc); δ_C 26.8 (C-1′), 130.7 (C-2′), 134.6 (C-3′), 71.5 (C-4′), 14.0 (C-5′), 172.9, 20.8 (OAc)], and one methoxy group [d_H 3.76 (3H, s, OMe-5); δ_C 56.5 (OMe)], which implied that compound1 was a biphenyl derivative. This conclusion was confirmed by the heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) correlations of H-6 with C-7, and of H-8 and H-12 with C-1 (Figure 2). HMBC correlations of H-1′ with C-1, C-2, and C-3, and of H-2′ with C-1 suggested the acetoxyprenyl group at C-2. The methoxy group was located at C-5 from the HMBC correlations of δ_H 3.76 (OMe) with C-5. Considering the signal for quarternary C-3, C-4, C-10 and the molecular formula of 1, three hydroxy groups were located at C-3, C-4, C-10, respectively. Thus, the structure of 1 was determined as shown (Figure 1), and named multibiphenyl A.

Figure 1 New biphenyls from Garcinia multiflora.

Multibiphenyl A (1)

Pale yellow gum; [α]_D –11.0 (c 0.07, MeOH); UV (MeOH) l_max / nm (log ε) 570 (2.16), 205 (4.71); IR (KBr) n / cm^-1 3422, 2939, 1721, 1611, 1589, 1498, 1443, 1357, 1266, 1172, 1102, 1045, 1023, 838; ¹H and ¹³C NMR data (400 and 100 MHz, CD₃OD), see Table 1; ESI-MS (positive mode) m/z 381 [M + Na]⁺; EI-HRMS (M⁺) calcd.: 358.1416; found: 358.1408 (C₂₀H₂₂O₆).

Table 1 ¹H and ¹³C NMR data for compounds 1-3 (d in ppm, 1 and 2 in CD₃OD, 3 in CDC1₃, 100 and 400 MHz)

No.	1		2		3
No.	δ_C (m) / ppm	δ_H (m, J , Hz) / ppm	δ_C (m) / ppm	δ_H (m, J , Hz) / ppm	δ_C (m) / ppm	δ_H (m, J , Hz) / ppm
1	129.6 s		132.4 s		132.3 s
2	119.7 s		114.2 s		112.4 s
3	144.9 s		142.0 s		141.5 s
4	135.0 s		131.9 s		132.7 s
5	147.2 s		149.6 s		144.8 s
6	105.9 d	6.26 (s, 1H )	106.6 d	6.44 (s, 1H)	105.5 d	6.43 (s, 1H)
7	133.8 s		134.6 s		132.7 s
8	131.7 d	7.00 (dd, 1H, J 8.8 Hz, 2.4)	131.8 d	7.11 (dd, 1H, J 8.4 Hz, 1.9)	130.3 d	7.16 (d, 1H, J 8.6 Hz)
9	115.7 d	6.74 (dd, 1H, J 8.8 Hz, 2.4)	116.0 d	6.82 (dd, 1H, J 8.4 Hz, 1.9)	114.8 d	6.86 (d, 1H, J 8.6 Hz)
10	157.1 s		157.7 s		155.5 s
11	115.7 d	6.74 (dd, 1H, J 8.8 Hz, 2.4)	116.0 d	6.82 (dd, 1H, J 8.4 Hz, 1.9)	114.8 d	6.86 (d, 1H, J 8.6 Hz)
12	131.7 d	7.00 (dd, 1H, J 8.8 Hz, 2.4)	131.8 d	7.11 (dd, 1H, J 8.4 Hz, 1.9)	130.3 d	7.16 (d, 1H, J 8.6 Hz)
1′	26.8 t	3.21 (d, 2H, J 6.7 Hz, CH₂)	124.7 d	6.41 (d, 1H, J 10.1 Hz)	21.1 t	2.59 (t, 2H, J 6.6 Hz, CH₂)
2′	130.7 d	5.44 (t, 1H, J 6.7 Hz)	124.4 d	5.48 (d, 1H, J 10.1 Hz)	33.0 t	1.72 (t, 2H, J 6.6 Hz, CH₂)
3′	134.6 s		77.6 s		74.7 s
4′	71.5 t	4.33 (s, 3H, CH₃)	69.0 t	4.27 (d, 1H, J 11.5 Hz, CH₂)	26.7 q	1.39 (s, 3H, CH₃)
				4.14 (d, 1H, J 11.5 Hz, CH₂)
5′	14.0 q	1.39 (s, 3H, CH₃)	23.4 q	1.47 (s, 3H, CH₃)	26.7 q	1.39 (s, 3H, CH₃)
3-OMe	56.5 q	3.76 (s, 3H, OCH₃)	56.5 q	3.85 (s, 3H, OCH₃)	56.1 q	3.86 (s, 3H, OCH₃)
5′- OAc	172.9 s		172.6 s
	20.8 q	1.99 (s, 3H, COCH₃)	20.7 q	2.00 (s, 3H, COCH₃)

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

On-line version ISSN 1678-4790

J. Braz. Chem. Soc. vol.27 no.1 São Paulo Jan. 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150235

ARTICLES

New Biphenyls from Garcinia multiflora

Xue-Mei Gao^a^b, Bing-Kun Ji^a^b, Yin-Ke Li^a^c, Yan-Qing Ye^a, Zhi-Yong Jiang^a, Hai-Ying Yang^a, Gang Du^a, Min Zhou^a, Xiao-Xia Pan^a, Wen-Xing Liu^a, Qiu-Fen Hu^a^*

^{^a}Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Kunming, P. R. China

^{^b}Joint Research Centre for International Cross-Border Ethnic Regions Biomass Clean Utilization in Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, 650031 Kunming, P. R. China

^{^c}College of Resource and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, 653100 Yuxi, P. R. China

ABSTRACT

Three new biphenyls were isolated from Garcinia multiflora. The structures of these biphenyls were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and their rotavirus activity was evaluated.

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50532016000100010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Key words: Garcinia multiflora, biphenyls, anti-rotavirus activity

///////

Lupin to co-market Novartis’ asthma drug in India

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May 112016

Lupin to co-market Novartis’ asthma drug in India

BS B2B Bureau | Mumbai April 12, 2016 Last Updated at 10:27 IST

Novartis Healthcare will continue to market Sequadra (indacaterol/glycopyrronium inhaler), while Lupin will promote the inhaler under the brand name Loftair in India

read original article at

http://www.business-standard.com/content/b2b-pharma/lupin-to-co-market-novartis-asthma-drug-in-india-116041200249_1.html

/////inhaler, Novartis Healthcare, Sequadra, indacaterol, glycopyrronium inhaler, Lupin, inhaler, brand name, Loftair, India

Ixorine, a New Cyclopeptide Alkaloid from the Branches of Ixora brevifolia

Uncategorized Comments Off

May 102016

Figure 2 Selected key HMBC (¹H ¹³C) and NOESY (¹H ¹H) correlations for ixorine (1).

Figure 1 Structures of compounds 1–4 isolated from the branches of I. brevifolia.

Ixorine (1)

HRESIMS m/z, calcd.: C₃₀H₄₀N₄O₄ [M + H]⁺: 521.3044; found: 521.3049; [α]_D²⁰ = -292.3 (c 0.001, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) and ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃), see Table 1.

Table 1 NMR spectroscopic data (300 MHz, CDCl3) for ixorine (1)

Position	δ_C	δ_H (mult., J in Hz)	HMBC	COSY
1	156.3	−	H-14, H-16	−
2	−	−	−	−
3	81.7	4.91 (dd, 8.0, 2.1)	H-4, H-18, H-19	H-4
4	55.6	4.44 (dd, 9.0, 8.0)	−	H-20 (NH)
5	171.6	−	H-6 (NH)	−
6	−	5.94 (d, 6.3, NH)	−	−
7	55.2	4.30 (m)	H-28	H-28
8	167.2	−	H-28	−
9	−	6.20 (sl, NH)	−	−
10	125.7	6.56 (m)	−	−
11	118.4	6.40 (d, 6.6)	H-13	−
12	131.8	−	H-14	−
13	131.7	7.03 (m)	−	H-14
14	121.9	7.15 (m)	−	−
15	122.7	7.03 (m)	−	H-16
16	130.2	6.92 (m)	−	−
17	29.3	2.00 (m)	H-18, H-19	H-18, H-19
18	20.4	1.25 (d, 7.2)	H-17, H-19	−
19	15.2	1.00 (d, 6.6)	H-17	−
20	−	6.94 (m, NH)	−	−
21	172.4	−	H-22, H-23	−
22	75.2	2.40 (d, 4.2)	H-24, H-25, H-26, H-27	H-26, H-27
23	27.8	2.05 (m)	H-24, H-25	H-24, H-25
24	21.0	1.05 (d, 6.9)	−	−
25	17.6	0.93 (d, 6.6)	−	−
26	43.1	2.14 (s)	H-27	−
27	43.1	2.14 (s)	−	−
28	37.1	2.76 (dd, 13.8, 4.5)/3.07 (m)	H-30, H-30’	H-28
29	135.7	−	H-7, H-28, H-31, H-31’	−
30, 30’	129.6	7.15 (m)	−	H-31, H-31’
31, 31’	129.0	7.34 (m)	−	−
32	127.4	7.24 (m)	−	H-30, H-30’

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

On-line version ISSN 1678-4790

J. Braz. Chem. Soc. vol.27 no.4 São Paulo Apr. 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150326

ARTICLES

Ixorine, a New Cyclopeptide Alkaloid from the Branches of Ixora brevifolia

Rebeca P. Medina^a, Ivânia T. A. Schuquel^a, Armando M. Pomini^a, Cleuza C. Silva^a, Cecília M. A. Oliveira^b, Lucília Kato^b, Celso V. Nakamura^c, Silvana M. O. Santin^*^a

^{^a}Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

^{^b}Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Samambaia, 74001-970 Goiânia-GO, Brazil

^{^c}Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

ABSTRACT

The isolation and structure determination of new cyclic peptide alkaloid ixorine, along with five known constituents frangulanine, syringaresinol, cinnamtannin B-1, daucosterol and mannitol from the branches of Ixora brevifolia are described. The cyclic peptide frangulanine is being described for the first time in the Rubiaceae family. The structures were elucidated on their spectral data basis, mainly one- (¹H, ¹³C, DEPT) and two-dimensional (COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and by comparison with data from the literature. The mixture of two cyclopeptide alkaloids showed weak activity against Leishmania amazonensis……..http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50532016000400753&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Key words: Ixora brevifolia, Rubiaceae, cyclopeptide alkaloids, Leishmania

see……….http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jbchs/v27n4/0103-5053-jbchs-27-04-0753-suppl01.pdf

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

1D and 2D NMR spectra for compounds 1–2 are available free of charge online

0103-5053-jbchs-27-04-0753-suppl01.pdf

^*e-mail: smoliveira@uem.br

////

Arbaclofen

Uncategorized Comments Off

May 102016

Arbaclofen placarbil

(3R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[[(1S)-2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)propoxy]carbonylamino]butanoic acid

A GABA (B) receptor agonist potentially for the treatment of muscle spasticity.

AGI-006; STX-209; OS-440

CAS No. 69308-37-8 free

847353-30-4 placarbil

Arbaclofen placarbil (ar-bac-loe-fen pla-kar-bil, also known as XP19986) is a prodrug of R–baclofen. Arbaclofen placarbil possesses more favorable pharmacokinetic profile than baclofen, with less fluctuations in plasma drug levels. It was being developed as a potential treatment for patients with GERD and spasticity due to multiple sclerosis; however, in May 2013 XenoPort announced the termination of development because of unsuccessful results in phase III clinical trials.^[1]

Arbaclofen Placerbil is a prodrug of Arbaclofen, which is a selective gamma-amino-butyric acid type B receptor agonist and the R-enantiomer of baclofen. It was discovered, and has been patented by XenoPort as a new chemical entity with an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to baclofen, which allows for sustained release properties. ArbaclofenPlacerbil was believed to have therapeutic potential in treating gastroesophogeal reflux disease (GERD) and plasticity; however due to discouraging clinical trial results, the drug was abandoned by XenoPort in 2011 for the treatment of GERD. On May 20th, 2013, XenoPort announced plans to terminate the development of Arbaclofen Placerbil for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined disorder which has increased in prevalence over the last two decades. Despite decades of research, no effective treatment is currently available. Animal models, as well as other lines of evidence, point to abnormalities in the balance of cortical excitation to inhibition in individuals with ASD, with this imbalance resulting in an overall increase in cortical excitation. To reduce cortical excitatory glutamate pathways, arbaclofen, a selective agonist of the gamma aminobutyric acid receptor type B, has been developed. This article reviews the evidence for this treatment for ASD using a systematic review methodology. Overall, a systematic search of the literature revealed 148 relevant references with the majority of these being review papers or news items that mentioned the potential promise of arbaclofen. Five original studies were identified, four of which used STX209, a form of arbaclofen developed by Seaside Therapeutics, Inc., and one which used R-baclofen. In an animal model, treatment of Fragile X, a genetic disease with ASD features, demonstrated a reversal of behavioral, neurological, and neuropathological features associated with the disease. One double-blind, placebo-controlled study treated children and adults with Fragile X. Results from this study were promising, with signs of improvement in social function, especially in the most severely socially impaired. Two studies, one open-label and one double-blind, placebo-controlled, were conducted in children, adolescents, and young adults with ASD. These studies suggested some improvements in socialization, although the effects were limited and may have been driven by individuals with ASD that were higher-functioning. These studies and others that have used arbaclofen for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux suggest that arbaclofen is safe and well-tolerated. Clearly, further clinical studies are needed in order to refine the symptoms and characteristics of children with ASD that are best treated with arbaclofen.

Arbaclofen placarbil.png

Fig. 1.

The Structures of R-baclofen (1), arbaclofen placarbil (2), R-baclofen lactam (3), and the potential γ-hydroxy metabolite of R-baclofen (4).

Route 2

Reference：1. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1995, 43, 1302-1306.

Route 3

Reference：1. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 1195-1196.

Route 4

Reference：1. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 119-125.

2. WO2007066828A1 / US2009137819A1.

Route 5

Reference：1. US2012029230A1

Route 1

Reference：1. Tetrahedron-Asymmetr. 1992, 3, 1213-1221.

2. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 6949-6952.

References

http://investor.xenoport.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=765868

Arbaclofen placarbil
Systematic (IUPAC) name

(3R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[[[(1S)-2-methyl-1-[(2-methylpropanoyl)oxy]propoxy]carbonyl]amino]butanoic acid
Clinical data
Pregnancy category	N/A
Legal status
Legal status	Development terminated
Identifiers
CAS Number	847353-30-4
ATC code	none
PubChem	CID 11281011
ChemSpider	9456008
KEGG	D08861
ChEMBL	CHEMBL2107312
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₉H₂₆ClNO₆
Molar mass	399.86 g/mol

///////AGI-006, STX-209, OS-440, Arbaclofen, autism spectrum disorder, Fragile X, gamma-aminobutyric acid, arbaclofen, R-baclofen, STX209

CC(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)OC(=O)NC[C@H](CC(=O)O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl

DISCLAIMER

I , Dr A.M.Crasto is writing this blog to share the knowledge/views, after reading Scientific Journals/Articles/News Articles/Wikipedia. My views/comments are based on the results /conclusions by the authors(researchers). I do mention either the link or reference of the article(s) in my blog and hope those interested can read for details. I am briefly summarising the remarks or conclusions of the authors (researchers). If one believe that their intellectual property right /copyright is infringed by any content on this blog, please contact or leave message at below email address amcrasto@gmail.com. It will be removed ASAP

Nolatrexed Dihydrochloride

Uncategorized Comments Off

May 092016

Nolatrexed

A thymidylate synthase inhibitor potentially for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and nasopharyngeal cancer.

AG-337

CAS No. 147149-76-6 (free)

free form data

(eluents: CH₃CN−H₂O = 10−90, pH 4.94; R_t = 11.8 min); R_f = 0.31 [ethyl acetate/(0.63 M NH₃ in ethanol) = 6/4]; Mp 300−302 °C (lit.:(J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 733– 746) a tan solid; Mp 301−302 °C); MS (ESI⁺) m/z: 285.1 [M + 1]⁺; the major impurity: 3.0% (R_t = 13.0 min); Mp 73−77 °C; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 7.95 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 4 H), 8.81 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 4 H);

MS (ESI⁺) m/z: 219.2 [M − 1]⁺;

Nolatrexed dihydrochloride.png

152946-68-4(Nolatrexed Dihydrochloride)

2-amino-6-methyl-5-pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl-1H-quinazolin-4-one;dihydrochloride

Nolatrexed dihydrochloride; Thymitaq; 152946-68-4; Nolatrexeddihydrochloride; AG 337; AG-337;

Molecular Formula:	C₁₄H₁₄Cl₂N₄OS
Molecular Weight:	357.25816 g/mol

diHCl data

IR (KBr cm⁻¹):ṽ 3401, 3058, 2929, 1701, 1621, 1471, 799;

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.43 (s, 3H, −CH₃), 7.53 (d,J = 6.9 Hz, 2H, Pyr-H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H, Ar−H), 7.92 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 Hz, Ar−H), 8.30 (br s, 3H, NH₃), 8.52 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H, Pyr-H); MS (ESI⁺) m/z: 285 [M − 1−2Cl]⁺; (ESI⁺) m/z: 283 [M − 1− 2HCl]⁺.

Pfizer (Originator) , Gilead,LG Life Sciences,北京康辰药业

Nolatrexed is a thymidylate synthase inhibitor.^[1]^[2]

Phase I studies of p.o. administered nolatrexed dihydrochloride (AG337, THYMITAQ), a nonclassical thymidylate synthase inhibitor, were performed to establish the maximum tolerated dose and a recommended dose for Phase II studies. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral nolatrexed were also studied. Forty-five patients were treated with oral nolatrexed every 6 h for 5 days at doses of 288-1000 mg/m2/day. The bioavailability of the oral preparation was determined, and the effect of a standard meal on nolatrexed absorption was investigated at a dose of 800 mg/m2/day. Nolatrexed plasma concentrations were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nolatrexed was rapidly absorbed with a median bioavailability of 89% (range 33-116%), with 88% of patients above 70%. The dose-limiting toxicities were gastrointestinal, and the recommended Phase II oral dose was 800 mg/m2/day. After a standard meal, the peak plasma nolatrexed concentration achieved was lower (median, 8.3 microg/ml versus 15.0 microg/ml; P = 0.001), and the time taken to reach the peak was longer (median, 180 min versus 45 min; P = 0.00003), but the trough concentration was higher (median, 3.6 microg/ml versus 2.1 microg/ml; P = 0.004) when compared with the fasted state. The area under the nolatrexed plasma concentration versus time curve was not affected by food. Average trough nolatrexed concentration, but not dose, was significantly related to the % decrease in both thrombocytes (r2 = 0.58; C50 = 6.0 microg/ml, where C50 is the plasma concentration associated with a 50% decrease in thrombocytes) and neutrophils (r2 = 0.63; C50 = 0.6 microg/ml). Nolatrexed can be safely administered as an oral preparation at a dose of 800 mg/m2/day for 5 days. Bioavailability was close to 100% and, because inhibition of thymidylate synthase by nolatrexed is rapidly reversible, the slower absorption after a standard meal may result in a shorter duration of noninhibitory concentrations between doses.

Catalytic hydrogenation of 2-bromo-4 -nitrotoluene (I) over Raney-Ni provided aniline (II). Reaction of (II) with chloral hydrate and hydroxylamine gave rise to the isonitrosoacetanilide (III), which was subsequently cyclized to the isatin (IV) by heating in concentrated H2SO4. Oxidative cleavage of isatin (IV) produced the anthranilic acid (V). This was converted to the benzoxazinone (VI) upon refluxing with acetic anhydride. Ring opening of benzoxazinone (VI) with MeOH, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the acetamide function, yielded the anthranilate ester (VII). The quinazoline derivative (VIII) was then obtained by treatment of anthranilate (VII) with chloroformamidine hydrochloride in refluxing diglyme. Finally, displacement of the bromide group of (VIII) with the sodium thiolate of 4-mercaptopyridine (IX) under Ullmann conditions afforded the title pyridyl sulfide.

Dissertation title	[BT] A New Method for Synthesis of Nolatrexed Dihydrochloride

Hangul title	Nolatrexed dihydrochloride Synthesis Process Development

Author	Xueqing Zhao, Fei Li, Weiping Zhuang, Xiaowen Xue, Yuanyang Lian, Jianhui Fan and Dongsheng Fang

Japjimyeong	ORG PROCESS RES DEV	Issue year	2010

Gwonho details	14 (2)	The surface	346-350

ABSTRACT	A new synthetic method for nolatrexed dihydrochloride (thymitaq) has been developed. The synthesis was accomplished in three steps featuring the direct conversion of the starting 4-bromo-5-methylisatin into the methyl anthranilate by potassium peroxydisulfate / sodium methoxide. In the final Ullmann reaction potassium carbonate was employed in place of sodium hydride, and the amount of copper catalysts was significantly reduced. Moreover, sodium sulfide solution was utilized to efficiently remove copper under approximately neutral conditions instead of hydrogen sulfide / methanol under strongly acidic conditions. By means of these modifications, nolatrexed dihydrochloride was ensured to be prepared in good yield and high purity.

Contents	Nolatrexed dihydrochloride (2-Amino-6-methyl-5-(4-pyridylthio) -3 H-quinazolin-4-one dihydrochloride, thymitag, 1) is the HCC cancer therapeutic agent to the TS (thymidylate synthase) folate binding site on the TS inhibitor as DNA replication inhibition, DNA damage, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and caspase-dependent apoptosis induction and clinical 2 on theresults look HCC patients, the survival benefit of showing the current phase III study is in progress in it. under scheme 1 is conducted in a number of synthesis team Nolatrexedillustrates the development process Scheme 1. Synthetic routes A-F from 4-bromo-5-methylisatin (2) to nolatrexed dihydrochloride (1) The scheme 1 When the complex first synthesis process but is A : 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 7 · HCl – 1 or in part, 6 pass through a B step ( 2 – 3 – 6 – 5 ) to obtain the desired compound with, but However, these processes are of the desired product quality control had a disadvantage unfulfilled this . after C, D, E process was developed during the E step is a step wherein compound 8 from the first to the one-pot is the most superior process consists in the process also drug of the compound for use as a quality control has difficulty in . more recentlyWennerberg is a new process F compounds were reported for 3 compound directly from the 7fully in the process I scored quality control could be the place . in the process, each reactionstep partially changed by the use of a reagent zoom impurity to minimize the formation of .However, this process also work-up, and purification there have difficulties to process the authors reported a new efficient way . Scheme 2. Synthetic route G from 4-bromo-5-methylisatin (2) to nolatrexed dihydrochloride (1) Scheme 2 The process reported to also have specifically not a new process only takes the best features from several processes previously reported , significant differences that the author is proud director teen two direct compound from 5 will get the , also reported in other processes already advanced mercaptopyridine introducing Ullmann reaction in the processimpurity , to reduce the formation of NaH , instead of K2CO3 were used the copper catalyst in order to minimize the amount of copper scavenge used to H2S instead of Na2S was used . the compound obtained in the process 1 of the purity is 96.6% and 3% with impurities of the 4,4′-dithiodipyridine this was confirmed copper impurity is 20 ppm was below . last Nolatrexed dihydrochloride in the process to obtain a 99.7% purity I scored the desired product , 0.3% ofunidentified impurity, and 10 ppm less than copper because it contains should think very advanced process compared to the previous number of ways . Fortunately Ullmann key contained in the reaction impurity in 4,4′-dithiodipyridine was automatically removed from the crystallization process of the last reaction. Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology provides incurable disease treatment and research center, Dr. jaedu

View original	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/op9002517

Route 1

Reference：1. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 733-746.

2. WO9320055A1.

Route 2

Reference：1. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2008, 12, 1195-1200.

Route 3

Reference：1. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2010, 14, 346-350.

2. CN1335307A.

Route 4

Ref Chemical Reagents 2011, 33, 1131-1134..

References

Hughes AN, Rafi I, Griffin MJ, et al. (January 1999). “Phase I studies with the nonclassical antifolate nolatrexed dihydrochloride (AG337, THYMITAQ) administered orally for 5 days”. Clin. Cancer Res. 5 (1): 111–8. PMID 9918208.
“Nolatrexed”. PubChem.gov. Pub Chem. Retrieved 12 August 2014.

Nolatrexed
Names

IUPAC name 2-Amino-6-methyl-5-(4-pyridylthio)-1H-quinazolin-4-one
Identifiers
CAS Number	147149-76-6
ChemSpider	97268
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
PubChem	108189
UNII	K75ZUN743Q
InChI [show]
SMILES [show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C₁₄H₁₂N₄OS
Molar mass	284.34 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

///////Nolatrexed, thymidylate synthase inhibitor, AG337, THYMITAQ,

CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)NC(=NC2=O)N)SC3=CC=NC=C3.Cl.Cl

CADROFLOXACIN

NDA, Uncategorized Comments Off

May 092016

Cadrofloxacin Structure

Cadrofloxacin , CS 940

3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-[(3S)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-4-oxo-, hydrochloride (1:1)

UNII-1YOQ7J9ACY; 153808-85-6; CADROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE; 1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-6-fluoro-7-[(3s)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid;

1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-6-fluoro-7-[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

Molecular Formula:	C₁₉H₂₀F₃N₃O₄
Molecular Weight:	411.37501 g/mol

Company：HengRui (Originator), Daiichi Sankyo (Originator), UBE (Originator)

A quinolone antibiotic potentially for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Research Code CS-940

CAS No. 153808-85-6(FREE)

Cas 128427-55-4(Cadrofloxacin HCl)

HYDROCHLORIDE

Molecular Weight	447.84
Formula	C19H20F3N3O4 • HCl

OriginatorSankyo; Ube Industries
DeveloperSankyo
ClassAntibacterials; Quinolones; Small molecules
Mechanism of ActionType II DNA topoisomerase inhibitors
- 20 Jun 1996An animal study has been added to the Bacterial infections pharmacodynamics section
- 24 Mar 1995Phase-II clinical trials for Bacterial infections in Japan (PO)

Cadrofloxacin hydrochloride was studied for the treatment of bacterial infections.The compound was originally developed by UBE and Daiichi Sankyo. However, this study was discontinued. The compound currently was developed by Hengrui.

SYNTHESIS

Decarboxylation of 3,5,6-trifluoro-4- hydroxyphthalic acid (I) upon heating at 140 C in an autoclave furnished 2,4,5-trifluoro-3-hydroxybenzoic acid (II). This was converted to ethyl ester (III) by refluxing in EtOH in the presence of H2SO4. Condensation of (III) with chlorodifluoromethane and NaH in hot DMF produced the corresponding difluoromethyl ether, and subsequent basic hydrolysis of the ethyl ester yielded 3- (difluoromethoxy) -2, 4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid (IV). Alternatively, acid (II) was converted to acid chloride with SOCl2 and subsequently condensed with ammonia to give amide (V). After formation of the difluoromethyl ether (VI) under similar conditions as above, acid (IV) was obtained by diazotization of the amide function of (VI) in hot sulfuric acid. The difluoromethoxy acid (IV) was also prepared by direct alkylation of hydroxy acid (II) with chlorodifluoromethane in the presence of NaOH in hot DMF. acid (IV) was activated as the corresponding acid chloride (VII) with SOCl2. Condensation of acid chloride (VII) with the magnesium salt of diethyl malonate gave rise to the benzoylmalonate (VIII). Further decarbethoxylation of (VIII) by heating in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid yielded keto ester (IX). This was condensed with triethyl orthoformate in the presence of Ac2O to give the ethoxyacrylate (X), which was converted to enamine (XII) by treatment with cyclopropylamine (XI). The target quinolone system (XIII) was then obtained by intramolecular cyclization of (XII) in the presence of NaH. Then, ethyl ester (XII) cleavage using boron trifluoride etherate provided the key quinolonecarboxylic acid boron chelate (XIV)

Route

US5073556A / US5348961A.

1 to 8 of 8

Patent ID	Date	Patent Title
US2011159049	2011-06-30	PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
US2010330165	2010-12-30	USE OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
US2007196504	2007-08-23	PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
US2007197501	2007-08-23	Use Of Chemotherapeutic Agents
US2007148235	2007-06-28	PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
US2005152975	2005-07-14	Pharmaceutical composition
US2004022848	2004-02-05	Medicinal composition
US2003045544	2003-03-06	Use of chemotherapeutic agents

//////CS 940, Quinolone antibiotic , CADROFLOXACIN, NDA

CC1CN(CCN1)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2OC(F)F)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4CC4)F

Continuous Flow Magnesiation of Functionalized Heterocycles and Acrylates with TMPMgCl⋅LiCl†

SYNTHESIS Comments Off

May 072016

Knochel’s group in Munich have recently disclosed how a variety of functionalised heterocycles and sensitive acrylates can be rapidly magnesiated and subsequently quenched with an electrophile under continuous flow-through;conditions using a Uniqsis static mixer/reactor chip.

A key advantage is that, in contrast to typical batch procedures, these reactions required non-cryogenic conditions (typically 25C); moreover the procedure could be quickly scaled to 45 mmol without modification of the reaction conditions.

Metalations under flow-through conditions permited magnesiations that did not afford the desired product under batch conditions and acylates could be magnesiated and quenched to afford products with high stereoselectivities without concomitant polymerisation.

Continuous Flow Magnesiation of Functionalized Heterocycles and Acrylates with TMPMgCl⋅LiCl^†

T. P. Petersen, M. R. Becker, P. Knochel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, 2014, 53, 7933.

A flow procedure for the metalation of functionalized heterocycles (pyridines, pyrimidines, thiophenes, and thiazoles) and various acrylates using the strong, non-nucleophilic base TMPMgCl⋅LiCl is reported. The flow conditions allow the magnesiations to be performed under more convenient conditions than the comparable batch reactions, which often require cryogenic temperatures and long reaction times. Moreover, the flow reactions are directly scalable without further optimization. Metalation under flow conditions also allows magnesiations that did not produce the desired products under batch conditions, such as the magnesiation of sensitive acrylic derivatives. The magnesiated species are subsequently quenched with various electrophiles, thereby introducing a broad range of functionalities.

see

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201404221/full