SAXAGLIPTIN

diabetes, Uncategorized Comments Off

Mar 292015

SAXAGLIPTIN

Saxagliptin
CAS No.:	361442-04-8
Synonyms:	Saxagliptin 15ND2; Onglyza;
Formula:	C18H25N3O2
Exact Mass:	315.19500
Molecular Weight:	315.41000

SMILES:

C1[C@@H]2C[C@@H]2N([C@@H]1C#N)C(=O)[C@H](C34CC5CC(C3)CC(C5)(C4)O)N13c nmr predict

Saxagliptin, (1S,3S,5S)-2-(2S)-2-Amino-2-(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)-acetyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile of the following chemical structure:

is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor. Saxagliptin is marketed under the trade name ONGLYZA® by Bristol-Myers Squibb for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Saxagliptin and its hydrochloride and trifluoroacetic acid salts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,767. In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 7,420,079 discloses Saxagliptin and its hydrochloride, trifluoroacetic acid and benzoate salts, as well as Saxagliptin monohydrate.

U.S. 2009/054303 and the corresponding WO 2008/131149 application disclose several crystalline forms of Saxagliptin and of Saxagliptin salts. The crystalline forms of Saxagliptin reported in that patent application are a monohydrate (denoted there as form H-1), a hemihydrate (denoted there as form H0.5-2), a dihydrate (denoted form H2-1) and an anhydrous form (denoted there as N-3).

WO 2005/117841 (the ‘841 application) describes the cyclization of Saxagliptin to form the therapeutically inactive cyclic amidine. The ‘841 application reports that such cyclization can occur both in solid state and solution state.

WO 2010/115974 discloses Forms: I-S, HT-S, IV-S, and HT-IV-S of Saxagliptin hydrochloride.

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2009, 13 (6), pp 1169–1176

DOI: 10.1021/op900226j

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op900226j

The commercial-scale synthesis of the DPP-IV inhibitor, saxagliptin (1), is described from the two unnatural amino acid derivatives 2 and 3. After the deprotection of 3, the core of 1 is formed by the amide coupling of amino acid 2 and methanoprolinamide 4. Subsequent dehydration of the primary amide and deprotection of the amine affords saxagliptin, 1. While acid salts of saxagliptin have proven to be stable in solution, synthesis of the desired free base monohydrate was challenging due to the thermodynamically favorable conversion of the free amine to the six-membered cyclic amidine 9. Significant process modifications were made late in development to enhance process robustness in preparation for the transition to commercial manufacturing. The impetus and rationale for those changes are explained herein.

Monohydrate 1 was isolated as a white solid (58.2 kg, 88%).

1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2- d6) δ 5.25 (dd, J1 ) J2 ) 1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (dd, J1 ) 10.6 Hz, J2 ) 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.55-3.50 (m, 1H), 3,35 (s, 1H), 2.45 (ddd, J1 ) 16.1 Hz, J2 ) 10.9 Hz, J3 ) 5.6 Hz, 1H), 2.25 (dd, J1 ) 13.6 Hz, J2 ) 2.5 Hz, 1H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.42 (m, 15H), 1.40-1.27 (m, 3H) 1.0-0.87 (m, 2H)

13C NMR (100 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 173.43, 120.15, 68.83, 60.90, 46.57, 45.51, 45.08, 45.01, 41.62, 38.15, 37.92, 37.35, 35.88, 30.98, 30.93, 30.80, 18.00, 13.69.

MS (FAB) m/z 316 [M + H]+

1H NMR PREDICT

Saxagliptin NMR spectra analysis, Chemical CAS NO. 361442-04-8 NMR spectral analysis, Saxagliptin H-NMR spectrum

13C NMR PREDICT
Saxagliptin NMR spectra analysis, Chemical CAS NO. 361442-04-8 NMR spectral analysis, Saxagliptin C-NMR spectrum

………………

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2012162507A1?cl=en

two amino acid derivatives (A) and (B), described in further detail hereinbelow, coupled in the presence of a coupling reagent. The amide coupling of (S)-a[[(l,l-dimethyleethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-3- hydroxytricyclo [3.3.1.1]decane-l-acetic acid (A) and (lS,3S,5S)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3- carboxamide (B), subsequent dehydration of the primary amide and deprotection of the amine affords saxagliptin (C).

synthetic route is disclosed as follows:

Scheme-IV

Scheme-V

………………

……………..

………….

Savage, Scott A., et al., “Preparation of Saxagliptin, a Novel DPP-IV Inhibitor“, Organic Process Research & Development, 2009, vol. 13, pp. 1169-1176.

REFERENCES

US6395767	16 Feb 2001	28 May 2002	Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	Cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and method
US6995183	27 Jul 2004	7 Feb 2006	Bristol Myers Squibb Company	Adamantylglycine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and methods
US7186846	28 Mar 2005	6 Mar 2007	Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	Process for preparing a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor and intermediates employed therein
US7214702	23 May 2005	8 May 2007	Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	Reacting the amide compound with phosphorus oxychloride in an organic solvent; treating the reaction mixture with water to form (1S,3S,5S)-2-[(2S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-yl)-1-oxoethyl]-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile-hydrochloride
US7223573	2 May 2005	29 May 2007	Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	Enzymatic ammonolysis process for the preparation of intermediates for DPP IV inhibitors
US7420079	18 Nov 2003	2 Sep 2008	Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	Intermediates for making 1(alpha-amino-1-(cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)methyl)-3-hydroxyadamantanes, e.g., methyl 3-hydroxy-<a-oxotricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane-1-acetate
US7470810	11 Jan 2005	30 Dec 2008	Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	Such as 1-dodecane-thiotrifluoroacetate; alkyl/arylthiol is treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride in presence of pyridine, solvent (dichloromethane), and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as catalyst; for protection of amino acids
US7741082	12 Apr 2005	22 Jun 2010	Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	Process for preparing dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and intermediates therefor
US7943656	18 Apr 2008	17 May 2011	Bristol-Myers Squibb Company	Crystal forms of saxagliptin and processes for preparing same
US20060035954	8 Aug 2005	16 Feb 2006	Sharma Padam N	Ammonolysis process for the preparation of intermediates for DPP IV inhibitors
WO2001068603A2	5 Mar 2001	20 Sep 2001	Bristol Myers Squibb Co	Cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl iv, processes for their preparation, and their use
WO2008131149A2	18 Apr 2008	30 Oct 2008	Squibb Bristol Myers Co	Crystal forms of saxagliptin and processes for preparing same
WO2010115974A1	9 Apr 2010	14 Oct 2010	Sandoz Ag	Crystal forms of saxagliptin
WO2011140328A1	5 May 2011	10 Nov 2011	Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.	Saxagliptin intermediates, saxagliptin polymorphs, and processes for preparation thereof

Citing Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
US8748631 *	24 May 2012	10 Jun 2014	Apicore, Llc	Process for preparing saxagliptin and its novel intermediates useful in the synthesis thereof
US20130023671 *	24 May 2012	24 Jan 2013	Apicore, Llc	Process for preparing saxagliptin and its novel intermediates useful in the synthesis thereof

REFERENCES

1. Scott A. Savage, Gregory S. Jones, Sergei Kolotuchin, Shelly Ann Ramrattan, Truc Vu, and Rebert E. Waltermire (2009) Preparation of Saxagliptin, a Novel DPP-IV Inhibitor, Organic Process Research & Development., 13, 1169-1176.
2. Santosh K. Sing, Narendra Manne and Manojit Pal, (2008) Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile: A key intermediate for dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 4, No. 20.
3. U.S. Pat. No. (2010) 0274025 A1.
4. U.S. Pat. No. (2006) 0035954 A1.
5. U.S. Pat. No. (2005) 0090539 A1.
6. Organic letters. (2001) Vol. 3, No.5, Page: 759-762
7. Tetrahedron 59 (2003) 2953-2989

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Uprosertib (GSK-2141795)

Uncategorized Comments Off

Mar 242015

Uprosertib (GSK-2141795)

GSK 2141795C

N-[(1S)-1-(aminomethyl)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ethyl]-5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)furan-2-carboxamide

N-[(2S)-1-amino-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-2-methylpyrazol-3-yl)furan-2-carboxamide

2-Furancarboxamide, N-[(1S)-2-amino-1-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]ethyl]-5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-

Λ/-{(1 S)-2-amino-1-r(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyllethyl}-5-chloro-4-(4- chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxamide

N-{(1S)-2-amino-1-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]ethyl}-5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1Hpyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxamide.

Cas 1047634-65-0 (GSK-2141795); BASE

CAS 1047635-80-2 (GSK-2141795 HCl salt)

Synonym: GSK-2141795; GSK2141795; GSK 2141795; GSK795; GSK-795; GSK 795. Uprosertib. UNII ZXM835LQ5E

IUPAC/Chemical name:

N-((S)-1-amino-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)furan-2-carboxamide

C18H16Cl2F2N4O2
Exact Mass: 428.06184
Molecular Weight: 429.25

Elemental Analysis: C, 50.37; H, 3.76; Cl, 16.52; F, 8.85; N, 13.05; O, 7.45

Mechanims of Action:Akt inhibitor
Indication:Cancer Treatment
Drug Company:GlaxoSmithKline

PHASE 2… CANCER

Uprosertib, also known as GSK2141795 and GSK795, is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B) with potential antineoplastic activity.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is evaluating the compound in phase II clinical studies for the treatment of endometrial carcinoma and multiple myeloma in combination with trametinib.

GSK-2141795, an oral AKT inhibitor, is in early clinical trials at GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of solid tumors and lymphoma. The company is conducting phase II clinical trials for the treatment of patients with BRAF wild-type mutation melanoma and for the treatment of recurrent or persistent cervical cancer in combination with trametinib.

Akt inhibitor GSK2141795 binds to and inhibits the activity of Akt, which may result in inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and dysregulated PI3K/Akt signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents.

QC data:

View NMR, View HPLC, View MS …… MEDKOO

PATENT

PATENT	SUBMITTED	GRANTED
Inhibitors of AKT Activity [US2011071182]	2011-03-24
INHIBITORS OF Akt ACTIVITY [US2010267759]	2010-10-21
INHIBITORS OF AKT ACTIVITY [US2009209607]	2009-08-20
INHIBITORS OF Akt ACTIVITY [US2010041726]	2010-02-18

More information about this drug

The chemical structures of Afuresertib (GSK-2110183) and GSK-2141795 are very similar as shown below:

Fig 1. chemical structures of Afuresertib (GSK-2110183) and GSK-2141795

PATENT

WO 2008098104 OR EP2117523

http://www.google.com/patents/EP2117523A1?cl=en

Scheme 2

11-1 I-2

II-3 II-4

Reagents: (a) PyBrop, (i-Pr)2NEt, 1 ,1-dimethylethyl (2-amino-3- phenylpropyl)carbamate, DCM, RT; (b) 5-(5,5-dimethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborinan-2-yl)-1- methyl-1 H-pyrazole, K2CO3, Pd(PPh3)4, dioxane/H2O; (c) TFA / DCM, RT.

Preparation 7

Preparation of 5-(5,5-dimethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborinan-2-yl)-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole

To a solution of 1 -methyl pyrazole (4.1 g, 50 mmole) in THF (100 ml.) at 00C was added n-BuLi (2.2M in THF, 55 mmole). The reaction solution was stirred for 1 hour at RT and then cooled to -78°C [J. Heterocyclic Chem. 41 , 931 (2004)]. To the reaction solution was added 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolane (12.3 ml_, 60 mmole). After 15 min at -78°C, the reaction was allowed to warm to 00C over 1 hour. The reaction was diluted with saturated NH4CI solution and extracted with DCM. The organic fractions were washed with H2O (2 x 100 ml_), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum to afford a tan solid (8.0 g, 77%) which was used without further purification. LCMS (ES) m/z 127 (M+H)+ for [RB(OH)2]; 1H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz) δ 7.57 (s, 1 H), 6.75 (s, 1 H), 4.16 (s, 3H), and 1.41 (s, 12H).

Example . .24

UPROSERTIB

Preparation Λ/-{(1 S)-2-amino-1-r(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyllethyl}-5-chloro-4-(4- chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxamide

a) methyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylate

A solution of methyl 4-bromo-2-furancarboxylate (470 mg, 2.29 mmol), potassium carbonate (1584 mg, 11.46 mmol), 1-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazole (525 mg, 2.52 mmol)[prepared according to Preparation 7] and bis-(tri-t-butylphosphine)Palladium (0) (58.6 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1 ,4-dioxane (9.55 ml) and water (1.9 ml) was stirred at 80 0C. After 1 hr, the solution was partitioned between H2O-DCM and the aqueous phase was washed several times with DCM. The combined organic fractions were dried over I^^SOφ concentrated and purified via column chromatography (30% EtOAc in hexanes) affording the title compound (124 mg, 0.60 mmol, 26 % yield) as a white powder: LCMS (ES) m/e 206 (M+H)+.

b) methyl 5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylate

A solution of methyl 4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylate (412 mg, 2.0 mmol) and N-chlorosuccinimide (267 mg, 2.0 mmol) in DMF (10 ml.) was heated at 75 0C for 30 minutes. Another batch of N-chlorosuccinimide (267 mg, 2.0 mmol) was added. After 1 hr, the mixture was concentrated and purified using silica gel and eluting with 0-55% ethyl acetate / hexane to afford the title compound as a white solid (225 mg, 0.82 mmol, 71 % yield) : LCMS (ES) m/e 276 (M+H)+.

c) 5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylic acid

A solution of methyl 5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2- furancarboxylate (224 mg, 0.82 mmol) in 6N sodium hydroxide (1.36 ml, 8.2 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) was stirred at 70 0C in a sealed tube for 1 h. The resulting solution was cooled and then partitioned between H2O-DCM. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH ~4 and then washed several times with DCM. The combined organic fractions were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated affording the title compound (201 mg, 0.77 mmol, 94 % yield) as a yellow oil: LCMS (ES) m/e 262 (M+H)+.

d) 5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-N-{(1S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1- [(1 ,3-dioxo-1 ,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]ethyl}-2-furancarboxamide

To a solution of 5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2- furancarboxylic acid (200 mg, 0.77 mmol)[prepared according to the procedure of Preparation 6], 2-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)propyl]-1 H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)- dione (254 mg, 0.80 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.40 ml, 2.30 mmol) in DCM (10 ml) was added bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (536 mg, 1.15 mmol). After stirring at ambient temperature for 20 hrs, the mixture was concentrated and purified with silica gel column eluting with gradient (0-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford the title compounds as an off-white foamy solid (304 mg, 0.54 mmol, 71 % yield): LCMS (ES) m/e 560(M+H)+.

e) Λ/-{(1 S)-2-amino-1-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]ethyl}-5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1- methyl-1 /-/-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxamide

To a solution of 5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-N-{(1S)-2- (3,4-difluorophenyl)-1 -[(1 ,3-dioxo-1 ,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]ethyl}-2- furancarboxamide (304 mg, 0.54 mmol) in methanol (5 ml) at 25 0C was added hydrazine (0.08 ml, 2.7 mmol) dropwise. After 12h, the solution was concentrated, dry loaded onto silica and purified by column chromatography (5% MeOH in DCM (1 % NH4OH)). The free base was converted to the HCI salt by addition of excess 4M HCI in dioxane (1 ml) to the residue in MeOH (2 ml) affording the HCI salt of the title compound as a yellow solid:

LC-MS (ES) m/z 430(M+H)+,

1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ ppm 2.91 – 3.05 (m, 2 H) 3.17 – 3.28 (m, 2 H) 3.81 (s, 3 H) 4.57 (d, J=9.60 Hz, 1 H) 7.12 (br. s., 1 H) 7.18-7.28 (m., 2 H) 7.36-7.39 (m, 1 H) 7.58 (s, 1 H).

SYNTHESIS ELABORATED

STEP A

4,5-dibromo-2-furancarboxylic acid in methanol , sulfuric acid methyl 4,5-dibromo-2-furancarboxylate LCMS (ES) m/e 283 (M+H)+

STEP B

methyl 4,5-dibromo-2-furancarboxylate and isopropylmagnesium chloride ,to give methyl 4-bromo-2-furancarboxylate

LCMS (ES) m/e 204,206 (M, M+2)+

STEP C

methyl 4-bromo-2-furancarboxylate and NCS in N,N-dimethylformamide methyl 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-furancarboxylate LCMS (ES) m/e 238,240,242 (M, M+2, M+4)+

STEP D

methyl 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-furancarboxylate , 1-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole prepared according toPreparation 7], potassium carbonate and bis(tri-t-butylphosphine)paliadium(0) in 1,4-dioxane (19.14 ml) and water ……methyl 5-chloro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylate obtained. LCMS m/e ES 240, 242 (M, M+2)+

STEP E

a) 5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylic acid.

A solution of methyl 5-chloro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylate [prepared according to Example

127] and n-chlorosuccinimide (166 mg, 1.25 mmol) yielding 5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylic acid. LCMS (ES) m/e 261,263 (M, M+2)+

STEP F

Reacting 5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylic acid [prepared according to the procedure of Preparation 6], 2-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)propyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione and N,N-diisopropylethylamine in DCM was added bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate …….obtd

5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-N-{(1S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]ethyl}-2-furancarboxamide. the uproserib precursor

LCMS (ES) m/e 560(M+H)+

NOTE STRUCTURE OF 2-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(2,4-difluoro phenyl)propyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

SEE http://www.google.com/patents/WO2010093885A1?cl=en

Preparation 1

Preparation of 2-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)propyl1-1 /-/-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione a) 1 ,1-dimethylethyl [(1 S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]carbamate

To a solution of Λ/-{[(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]carbonyl}-3,4-difluoro-L-phenylalanine (2.0 g, 6.7 mmol) in THF (35 ml.) at 0 0C stirred was added BH3-THF (30 ml_, 30 mmol- 1 M in THF). After 12h, the reaction was quenched with AcOH:MeOH (1 :4, 20 ml.) and partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and CHCI3. The aqueous phase was then extracted several times with CHCI3. The combined organic fractions were concentrated and the resulting white solid (7.0 g, 74%) used without further purification: LCMS (ES) m/e 288 (M+H)+.

b) 1 ,1-dimethylethyl {(1 S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1-[(1 ,3-dioxo-1 ,3-dihydro-2/-/-isoindol-2- yl)methyl]ethyl}carbamate

To a solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl [(1 S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1-

(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]carbamate (2.65 g, 9.22 mmol), polymer bound triphenylphosphine (5.33 g, 1 1.5 mmol, 2.15 mmol/g) and phthalimide (1.63 g, 10.9 mmol) in THF (50 ml.) at 25 0C was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.85 ml_, 11.3 mmol). After stirring at RT for 1 h, the reaction solution was filtered and concentrated. The residue was adsorbed onto silica and purified via column chromatography to yield product (0.33 g) as a white solid: LCMS (ES) m/z 417 (M+H)+.

c) 2-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)propyl]-1 H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione

To a solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl {(1S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1-[(1 ,3-dioxo-1 ,3- dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]ethyl}carbamate (0.33 g, 0.79 mmol) in CHCI3:MeOH (10:3, 13 mL) at RT was added 4M HCI in dioxane (5 mL, 20 mmol). After 12h, the solvents were removed and affording the title compound (0.29 g, quant.) as a white HCI salt which was used without further purification: LCMS (ES) m/z 317 (M+H)+.

FINAL STEP

conversion of precursor to uprosertb

UPROSERTIB PRECURSOR GIVES

UPROSERTIB

N-{(1S)-2-amino-1-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]ethyl}-5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1Hpyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxamide.

5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1Hpyrazol-5-yl)-N-{(1S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-
yl)methyl]ethyl}-2-furancarboxamide in methanol (5 ml) AND hydrazine …..N-{(1S)-2-amino-1-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]ethyl}-5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1Hpyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxamide.

SYNTHESIS OF INTERMEDIATES

Example 127

a) methyl 4,5-dibromo-2-furancarboxylate

To a solution of 4,5-dibromo-2-furancarboxylic acid (25 g, 93 mmol) in methanol (185 ml) was added sulfuric acid (24.7 ml, 463 mmol). The resulting solution stirred at 50 0C over 12h. The solution was partitioned between H2O-DCM and the aqueous phase was washed several times with DCM. The combined organic fractions were dried over I^^SOφ concentrated and used directly without further purification providing methyl 4,5-dibromo-2-furancarboxylate (23.67 g, 83 mmol, 90 % yield), LCMS (ES) m/e 283, 285, 287 (M, M+2, M+4)+.b) methyl 4-bromo-2-furancarboxylate Br

To a solution of methyl 4,5-dibromo-2-furancarboxylate (3.3 g, 1 1.62 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (46 ml) at -40 0C was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (6.97 ml, 13.95 mmol). After 1 h, Water (11 ml) was added and the solution warmed to 25 0C. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between H2O-DCM and the aqueous phase was washed several times with DCM. The combined organic fractions were dried over Na2SOφ concentrated and purified by column chromatography (3% EtOAc in hexanes) affording methyl 4-bromo-2-furancarboxylate (1.4 g, 6.49 mmol, 56 % yield) as a yellow solid: LCMS (ES) m/e 205, 207 (M, M+2)+.

c) methyl 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-furancarboxylate

A solution of methyl 4-bromo-2-furancarboxylate (1.4 g, 6.83 mmol) and NCS (0.912 g, 6.83 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (13.7 ml) was stirred in a sealed tube for 1 h at 100 0C. After 1 h, the solution was partitioned between DCM- H2O and the aqueous phase was washed several times with DCM. The combined organic fractions were dried over I^^SOφ concentrated and purified via column chromatography (2-10% EtOAc in hexanes) affording methyl 4-bromo-5-chloro-2- furancarboxylate (1.348 g, 5.12 mmol, 75 % yield) as a white solid: LCMS (ES) m/e 238, 240, 242 (M, M+2, M+4)+.

d) methyl 5-chloro-4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylate

A solution of methyl 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-furancarboxylate (1.1 g, 4.59 mmol), 1-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazole (1.05 g, 5.05 mmol)[prepared according to Preparation 7], potassium carbonate (3.17 g, 22.97 mmol) and bis(tri-t-butylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.117 g, 0.23 mmol) in 1 ,4- dioxane (19.14 ml) and water (3.83 ml) was stirred at 80 0C in a sealed tube for 1 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between H2O-DCM and the aqueous phase was washed several times with DCM. The combined organic fractions were dried over Na2SOφ concentrated and purified via column chromatography (silica, 4-25% EtOAc in hexanes) yielding methyl 5-chloro-4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2- furancarboxylate (800 mg, 2.53 mmol, 55 % yield) as a yellow oil: LCMS m/e ES 240, 242 (M, M+2)+.

e) 5-chloro-4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylic acid

A solution of methyl 5-chloro-4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2- furancarboxylate (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) in 6N sodium hydroxide (4.16 ml, 24.93 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (5.4 ml) was stirred at 70 0C in a sealed tube for 1 h. The resulting solution was cooled and then partitioned between H2O-DCM. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH ~4 and then washed several times with DCM. The combined organic fractions were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated affording 5-chloro-4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-furancarboxylic acid (267 mg, 0.59 mmol, 47 % yield) as a white foam: LCMS (ES) m/e 265 (M+H)+.

References

1: Dumble M, Crouthamel MC, Zhang SY, Schaber M, Levy D, Robell K, Liu Q, Figueroa DJ, Minthorn EA, Seefeld MA, Rouse MB, Rabindran SK, Heerding DA, Kumar R. Discovery of Novel AKT Inhibitors with Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effects in Combination with the MEK Inhibitor. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 30;9(6):e100880. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100880. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24978597; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4076210.

2: Pachl F, Plattner P, Ruprecht B, Médard G, Sewald N, Kuster B. Characterization of a chemical affinity probe targeting Akt kinases. J Proteome Res. 2013 Aug 2;12(8):3792-800. doi: 10.1021/pr400455j. Epub 2013 Jul 3. PubMed PMID: 23795919.

3: Pal SK, Reckamp K, Yu H, Figlin RA. Akt inhibitors in clinical development for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2010 Nov;19(11):1355-66. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2010.520701. Epub 2010 Sep 16. Review. PubMed PMID: 20846000; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3244346.

Tadalafil Analytical/Spectral Visit

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Mar 112015

Tadalafil

INTRODUCTION Tadalafil is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, asecondary messenger for the smoothmuscle relaxing effects of nitric oxide,which plays an important role in thevasodilation of erectile tissues.1-3 OralPDE-5 inhibitors have become the preferredfirst-line treatment for erectile dysfunction worldwide.4

PREPARATION

Diastereoselective synthesis of (+)-tadalafil (1)describes a process for the synthesis of tadalafil (1) and itsintermediate of formula5which involves reactingD-tryptophan methylester 2 with a piperonal 3 in the presence of methanol and conc. HCl to

give compound 4 . The later compound is then reacted with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of NaHCO 3

to afford the intermediate5, which is reacted with methylamine in chloroform to give tadalafil in 88% yield

Stereoselective synthesis of (+)-tadalafil (1) and(+)-6-epi-tadalafil (8)[20]The target isomeric tadalafil molecule is shown . Thus,D-tryptophan methyl ester reacted with piperonal3under Pictet–Spen-gler reaction condition (TFA/CH2Cl2/MeOH) to furnish two diastereo-mers4and6in 25% and 24% yields, respectively. Condensation of4or6with chloroacetyl chloride provided acylated intermediate 5or7in almostquantitative yield. Subsequent cyclization of5withN-methyl amine inmethanol at 50C for 16 h provided diastereomers tadalafil (1) in 54%yield. Compound1is in full accordance with the literature data {[a]D20¼+71.4 (c 1.00, CHCl3); lit. [a]D20¼+71.2 (c 1.00, CHCl3)}[17,18]. Thus,under the elongated reaction time, 48 h, compound8was obtained fromprecursor7with decreased yield of 21%

depicts an efficient and stereospecific synthesis of tadalafil (1)as well as 12a-epi-tadalafil (11). Pictet–Spengler reaction ofD-trypto-phan methyl ester hydrochloride9with equal molar piperonal byrefluxing for 4 h in nitromethane affordedcis-10-HCl in 98% ee and94% yield. The hydrochloride salt ofcistetrahydro-b-carboline deriva-tivecis-10-HCl was directly treated with 1.5 equiv of chloroacetyl chlo-ride in dichloromethane at 0o

C in the presence of 3 equiv oftriethylamine to formN-chloroacetyl tetrahydro-b-carboline derivative5

in 92% yield. Then compound5reacted with 5 equiv of methylamineovernight in DMF at room temperature to furnish tadalafil1in95% yields.

US PATENT

D. Ben-Zion, D. Dov, United States Patent, US 2006/0276652 A1, 2006.

B.D. Pandurang, B.B. Bharat, S.S. Sachin, P.S. Pranay, United States Patent, US 7, 223,

863 B2, 2007.

FROM L TRYPTOPHAN

X. Sen, S. Xiao-Xin, X. Jing, Y. Jing-Jing, L. Shi-Ling, L. Wei-Dong, Tetrahedron

Asymmetr. 20 (2009) 2090.

S. Xiao-Xin, L. Shi-Ling, X. Wei, X. Yu-Lan, Tetrahedron Asymmetr. 19 (2008) 435

S. Xiao, X. Lu, X.-X. Shi, Y. Sun, L.-L. Liang, X.-H. Yu, J. Dong, Tetrahedron Asymmetr.

20 (2009) 430.

IR OF TADALAFIL

1H NMR OF TADALAFIL

13 C NMR OF TADALAFIL

COSY NMR OF TADALAFIL

DEPT NMR OF TADALAFIL

HSQC NMR OF TADALAFIL

HMBC NMR OF TADALAFIL

MASS SPECTRUM OF TADALAFIL

UV OF TADALAFIL

RAMAN SPEC OF TADALAFIL

SECTION 1 SECTION 2 .. SECTION 3 Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 47 (2008) 103–113 Analysis of illegally manufactured formulations of tadalafil (Cialis®) by 1H NMR, 2D DOSY 1H NMR and Raman spectroscopy Saleh Trefia, Corinne Routaboul b, Saleh Hamieh a, Veronique Gilard ´ a, Myriam Malet-Martino a,∗, Robert Martino a a Groupe de RMN Biom´edicale, Laboratoire SPCMIB (UMR CNRS 5068), France b Service commun de spectroscopie IR et Raman, Universit´e Paul Sa LC-DAD apparatus and chromatographic conditions HPLC was carried out using a Waters 2695 Alliance model with a Waters 2996 diode array detector. The analytical column was a reversed-phase column Luna C18 (100 mm × 3 mm i.d.; 3m particle size; Phenomenex, UK). The column temperature was 30 ◦C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture (35:65, v/v) of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (10 mmol L−1, pH 3). The flow rate was 0.6 mL min−1 and the volume injected 10 L. A detection wavelength of 225 nm was chosen as it allows the detection of all tadalafil or sildenafil analogues. For quantitative analysis, a calibration curve was constructed from the analysis of four solutions containing pure tadalafil in a concentration range of 0.01–0.1 mg mL−1. Each standard solution was injected in triplicate in the chromatographic system. The linearity (R2 > 0.999) was evaluated by least-squares linear regression analysis. LC–MS analysis The HPLC system used consisted of an Agilent 1100 series apparatus. An Applied System QTRAP triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with a turbo ion spray (TIS) interface, was used for detection. Both were controlled by an Agilent Analyst software (version 1.4). HPLC conditions were as follows. The column temperature was 30 ◦C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture (50:50, v/v) of acetonitrile and a buffer solution (ammonium acetate 10 mmol L−1, pH 7). The flow rate was 0.6 mL min−1 and the volume injected 5 L. The mass spectrometer was operated in positive ionisation mode with TIS heater set at 450 ◦C. Nitrogen served both as auxiliary, collision gas and nebuliser gas. The operating conditions for TIS interface were—(i) in MS mode: mass range 200–550m (1 s), step size 0.1m; Q1 TIS MS spectra were recorded in profile mode, IS 5000 V, DP 85 V; (ii) in MS–MS mode: precursor mass 489 m; mass range 10–500 m (0.35 s); step size 0.15m; LC–MS–MS spectra were rec d in profile mode, IS 5000 V, DP 85 V and CE 40 V Fig. 3. DOSY NMR spectra in CD3CN:D2O (80:20) of genuine Eli Lilly Cialis® (A), formulation 6 Fig. 2. Raman spectra of pure tadalafil (A) and genuine Eli Lilly Cialis®: whole tablet (B), uncoated tablet from 200 to 1800 cm−1 (C), from 2500 to 3200 cm−1 (D). TiO2; talc (as shoulders of TiO2 bands); () lactose; () sodium lauryl sulfate; () magnesium stearate; (T) tadalafil. …………… Instrumentation The HPLC system consisted of a 1100 series quaternary pump, degasser, automatic injector, thermostatted column compartment, and diode array detector (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA);Vortex TecnoKartell TK3; shaker BIOSAN Multi Bio RS-24, and innovative mixing cycle (VWR international, USA).The data were collected using the system software (Chemstation 1990- 2002, Agilent Technologies). Chromatographic Conditions The separation was achieved on an Agilent LiChrospher 100, C18 column, 5-μm particle size, 250 x 4 mm I.D., with a 2-μm precolumn filter.The mobile phase consisted of 65% water acidified with glacial acetic acid (0.1 mM, pH 2.5- 2.7) and 35% acetonitrile. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, and UV detection was performed at 280 nm. All analyses were made at room temperature. The injection volume was 25 μL, and a small volume of air was bubbled through each sample before injection. pg 171-175

Lydia Rabbaa

Saint Joseph University, Lebanon · faculty of pharmacy

…………………………………… Research In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Vol. 2(1), pp. 001-006, February, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/RPB Validation and stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of tadalafil API in pharmaceutical formulations B. Prasanna Reddy1*, K. Amarnadh Reddy2 and M. S. Reddy3 1Department of Quality control, Nosch Labs Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad-500072, A.P, India. 2 Department of AR and D, Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, Bangalore, India. 3Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, Auburn University, USA.

Battu.Prasanna Reddy Ph.D

The present study describes the development and subsequent of a stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the analysis of tadalafil. The samples separated on an Inertsil C18, (5 m , 150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d) by isocratic run using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer as mobile phase), with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and the determination wavelength was 260 nm for analysis of tadalafil. The described method was linear within range of 70 – 130 μg/ml (r2 = 0.999). The precision, ruggedness and robustness values were also within the prescribed limits (< 1% for system precision and < 2% for other parameters). Tadalafil was exposed to acidic, basic, oxidative and thermal stress conditions and the stressed samples were analyzed by the proposed method. Chromatographic peak purity results indicated the absence of coeluting peaks with the main peak of tadalafil, which demonstrated the specificity of assay method for estimation of tadalafil in presence of degradation products. The proposed method can be used for routine analysis of tadalafil in quality control laboratories. Tadalafil hydro-2-methyl-6-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]pyrazino-[1’,2’:1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione (Figure1), is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor used in the management of erectile dysfunction. It is not officially included in any of the pharmacopoeias. It is listed in the Merck Index (Budavari et al., 2001) and Martindle and complete drug reference (Sean et al., 2002). There are several (Cheng et al., 2005) methods for determination of tadalafil such as HPLC-EIMS (Zhu et al., 2005) and capillary electrophoresis methods (Aboul-Enein, 2005) and by HPLC (Aboul, 1994). The present work was designed to develop a simple, precise and rapid analytical LC procedure, which would serve as stability indicating assay method for analysis of tadalafil active pharmaceutical ingredient. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +91-9848392677. Prasanna Reddy. Manager, Quality Control, Nosch Labs Pvt Ltd. Hyderabad, INDIA http://bloggerbattu.blogspot.in/ REFERENCES 1. Pomerol JM, Rabasseda X.Tadalafil, a furtherinnovation in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Drugs Today (Barc). 2003;39:103-113. 2. Francis SH, Corbin JD. Molecular mechanismsand pharmacokinetics of phosphodiesterase-5 antagonists. Curr Urol Rep. 2003;4:457-465. 3. Seftel AD. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitordifferentiation based on selectivity, pharmacokinetic,and efficacy profile. Clin Cardiol.2004;27(4 suppl 1):I14-I19. 4 Bella AJ, Brock GB.Tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Curr Urol Rep. 2003;4:472-478. 7A. Daugan, P. Grondin, C. Ruault, A.-C. Le Monnier de Gouville, H. Coste, J. Kirilovsky,F. Hyafil, R. Labaudinie

re, J. Med. Chem. 46 (2003) 4525.

[8] A. Daugan, P. Grondin, C. Ruault, A.-C. Le Monnier de Gouville, H. Coste, J.M. Linget,

J. Kirilovsky, F. Hyafil, R. Labaudinie`

re, J. Med. Chem. 46 (2003) 4533.

[9] M.W. Orme, J.C. Sawyer, L.M. Schultze, World Patent WO 02/036593 17 S. Xiao-Xin, L. Shi-Ling, X. Wei, X. Yu-Lan, Tetrahedron Asymmetr. 19 (2008) 435.

[18] Merck index 2006, 14th edition pages 1550–1551.

[19] N.M. Graham, M.N.A. Charlotte, G. Eugene, A.M. William, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 13

(2003) 1425.

[20] Y. Zhang, Q. He, H. Ding, X. Wu, Y. Xie, Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 37 (2005) 99.

Tadalafil
Systematic (IUPAC) name


(6R–trans)-6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)- 2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydro-2-methyl-pyrazino [1′, 2′:1,6] pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione
Clinical data
Trade names	Cialis
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a604008
Pregnancy category	B
Legal status	℞ Prescription only
Routes	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	varies
Protein binding	94%
Metabolism	CYP3A4 (liver)
Half-life	17.5 hours
Excretion	feces (> 60%), urine (> 30%)
Identifiers
CAS number	171596-29-5
ATC code	G04 BE08
PubChem	CID 110635
DrugBank	DB00820
ChemSpider	99301
UNII	742SXX0ICT
KEGG	D02008
ChEBI	CHEBI:71940
ChEMBL	CHEMBL779
PDB ligand ID	CIA (PDBe, RCSB PDB)
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₂H₁₉N₃O₄
Molecular mass	389.404 g/mol

NARINGENIN SPECTRAL VISIT

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Feb 282015

NARINGENIN

Naringenin; CAS: 480-41-1

Aldrich Library of 13C and 1H FT NMR Spectra, 1992, 2, 915C

Total synthesis of a thromboxane receptor antagonist, terutroban

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Feb 252015

TERUTROBAN

UNII-A6WX9391D8, S18886, S 18886, 165538-40-9, triplion, Terutroban [INN]

Molecular Formula:C20H22ClNO4S

Molecular Weight:407.91098 g/mol

3-[(6R)-6-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonylamino]-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]propanoic acid

Terutroban is an antiplatelet agent developed by Servier Laboratories. as of|2008, it is tested for the secondaryprevention of acute thrombotic complications in the Phase III clinical trial PERFORM.

Method of action

Terutroban is a selective antagonist of the thromboxane receptor. It blocks thromboxane induced plateletaggregation and vasoconstriction.

Paper

Total synthesis of a thromboxane receptor antagonist, terutroban

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015, 13,2951-2957
DOI: 10.1039/C4OB02302A, Paper

Wasim Ahmed,^a^b Prathama S. Mainkar,^a Srihari Pabbaraja^a and Srivari Chandrasekhar*^a^b

*Corresponding authors

^aDivision of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India 500 007

E-mail: [email protected];
Fax: +91-40-27160152 ;
Tel: +91-40-27193210, 27193434

^bAcademy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015,13, 2951-2957

DOI: 10.1039/C4OB02302A

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2015/OB/C4OB02302A?

3-(6-(4-Chlorophenylsulfonamido)-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propanoic acid (2).

…………………….deleted……………………… to give terutroban (2) (1.12 g, 82%) as a white solid.

………………………………………………………

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆)

δ 7.91 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H),

7.84 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H),

7.66 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H),

6.87 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H),

6.69 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H),

3.31(m, 1H),

2.83–2.65 (m, 4H),

2.63–2.54 (m, 2H),

2.30–2.21 (m, 2H),

2.19 (s, 3H),

1.86–1.74 (m, 1H),

1.63–1.50 (m, 1H);

……………………………………………………………………….

¹³C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d₆)

δ 174.2, –C=O-OH

140.7,

137.3,

136.9,

133.5,

133.3,

131.9,

129.5,

128.5,

127.9,

127.1,

49.0,

36.4,

32.9,

29.5,

24.3,

24.2,

19.2; -CH3

IR (KBr): ν_max 2924, 1709, 1219, 772 cm⁻¹;

HRMS (ESI): Calcd for C₂₀H₂₃O₄NClS 408.1030 [M + H]⁺, found 408.1040.

[Reported ¹H NMR ref a (DMSO-d₆) δ 12.5 (s, 1H), 7.9 (s, 1H), 7.8 (d, 2H), 7.7 (d, 2H), 6.9–6.7 (d, 2H), 3.3 (m, 1H), 3.0–2.5 (m, 6H), 2.3 (m, 2H), 2.2 (s, 3H), 2.0–1.5 (m, 2H).]

a (a) B. Cimetière, T. Dubuffet, O. Muller, J.-J. Descombes, S. Simonet, M. Laubie, T. J. Verbeuren and G. Lavielle, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1998, 8, 1375

Synthesis of terutroban (2) is achieved following a non-Diels-Alder approach using cost-effective chemicals.

PREDICTIONS

CAS NO. 165538-40-9, 3-[(6R)-6-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonylamino]-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]propanoic acid H-NMR spectral analysis

3-[(6R)-6-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonylamino]-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]propanoic acid NMR spectra analysis, Chemical CAS NO. 165538-40-9 NMR spectral analysis, 3-[(6R)-6-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonylamino]-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]propanoic acid H-NMR spectrum

CAS NO. 165538-40-9, 3-[(6R)-6-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonylamino]-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]propanoic acid C-NMR spectral analysis

EXTRA INFO

Terutroban is an antiplatelet agent developed by Servier Laboratories. It has been tested for the secondary prevention of acute thrombotic complications in the Phase III clinical trial PERFORM (Prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular Events of ischemic origin with teRutroban in patients with a history oF ischemic strOke or tRansient ischeMic attack).^[1] The study was prematurely stopped and thus it could not be determined whether terutroban has a better effect than aspirin.

Method of action

Terutroban is a selective antagonist of the thromboxane receptor. It blocks thromboxane induced platelet aggregation andvasoconstriction.^[2]^[3]

…………………..

10.1358/dof.2006.031.10.1038241

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is an unstable metabolite of arachidonic acid formed by the cyclooxygenase pathway and released from activated platelets, monocytes and damaged vessel walls, causing irreversible platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and smooth muscle cell proliferation. From efforts to discover novel compounds that could block the deleterious actions of TxA2, the 2-aminotetralin derivative terutroban sodium (S-18886) emerged as a potent, orally active, long-acting, selective antagonist of thromboxane (TP) receptors. The agent was able to inhibit TP agonist-induced platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction and was selected for further development as an antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent. Terutroban has been shown to be effective in animal models of thrombosis, atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy and is currently undergoing phase III development for the secondary prevention of acute thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis.

References

Hennerici, M. G.; Bots, M. L.; Ford, I.; Laurent, S.; Touboul, P. J. (2010). “Rationale, design and population baseline characteristics of the PERFORM Vascular Project: an ancillary study of the Prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular Events of ischemic origin with teRutroban in patients with a history oF ischemic strOke or tRansient ischeMic attack (PERFORM) trial”. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy24 (2): 175–80. doi:10.1007/s10557-010-6231-2. PMC 2887499. PMID 20490906. edit
H. Spreitzer (January 29, 2007). “Neue Wirkstoffe – Terutroban”. Österreichische Apothekerzeitung (in German) (3/2007): 116.
Sorbera, LA, Serradell, N, Bolos, J, Bayes, M (2006). “Terutroban sodium”. Drugs of the Future 31 (10): 867–873.doi:10.1358/dof.2006.031.10.1038241

Terutroban
Systematic (IUPAC) name

3-((6R)-6-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amido}-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]propanoic acid
Clinical data
Legal status	Investigational
Routes	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Half-life	6–10 hours
Identifiers
CAS number	165538-40-9 609340-89-8 (sodium salt)
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID 9938840
ChemSpider	8114465
UNII	A6WX9391D8
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₀H₂₂Cl N O₄S
Molecular mass	407.911 g/mol

Srivari Chandrasekhar

Chief Scientist & Head, Division of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology

Chandrasekhar obtained his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in 1982 and 1985 respectively, from Osmania University, Hyderabad and excelled in the same with distinction. He then joined A. V. Rama Rao’s group at CSIR–IICT and earned his doctorate in 1991, also from Osmania University. Between 1991 and 1994 he was associated with J. R. Falck (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) as a postdoctoral student. In 1994, Chandrasekhar joined his parent institute (CSIR–IICT) as a scientist

Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India 500 007

E-mail: [email protected];

in.linkedin.com/pub/chandrasekhar-srivari/28/aa1/59b/en

[email protected]

READ………..http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/108/02/0160.pdf

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India

CSIR-IICT
CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology

Experience

Organisation:CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
Designation:Scientist
Organisation Type:Research and Development
Department:Organic division
Organisation URL:http://www.iictindia.org

Qualification:Ph D
Subject:medicinal chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, total synthesis of natural and unnatural products

Chandrasekhar obtained his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in 1982 and 1985 respectively, from Osmania University, Hyderabad

After obtaining a Ph.D. under the supervision of Dr. A. V. Ramarao at the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad,

DR AV RAMA RAO

He moved to theUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical School for post-doctoral research with Professor J. R. Falck

Professor J. R. Falck

and

then to the University of Goettingen, Germany as Alexander von Humboldt Fellow in the group of Professor L. F. Tietze.

Professor L. F. Tietze

His research interests include the synthesis of marine natural products, peptides and peptidomimetics, combinatorial chemistry and new solvent media for organic synthesis.

He is a recipient of a Young Scientist award of the Indian National Science Academy, B M Birla Science Prize and National Academy of Sciences-Reliance Industries Platinum Jubilee Award. He has over 190 publications, 2 patents, and guided 20 students for their Ph.D. degrees. Presently he is a deputy director at the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology where he supervises a group of 30 researchers

Srivari Chandrasekhar, senior scientist, Organic Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), has been conferred Fellow of Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore.

According to a press release here on Tuesday, Dr. Chandrasekhar has been conferred the honour for his significant contribution in organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.

The major contributions include synthesis of complex natural products, especially of marine origin with anti-cancer and anti-depressant properties, green chemistry and automation chemistry to make large number of new chemicals.

He has produced 25 Ph.D. students and published more than 200 papers in international journals. He is also a fellow of National Academy of Sciences.

India has achieved many prizes in 2014. Before the year ends IICT scientist Srivari Chandrasekhar has added one more prize, he wins Infosys Prize. The scientist who has made important contributions in potential drug developments. Srivari Chandrasekhar from CSIR-IICT , Hyderabad, was announced the winner of the Infosys Prize 2014 in Physical Sciences. The award includes a purse of Rs. 55 lakh, a 22 carat gold medal and citation. The award will be presented by The President on January 5 in Kolkata. The prize is awarded annually by the Infosys Foundation.

He had won the CSIR Technology award-2014 along with his team member

Chandrasekhar’s current contribution is to develop a technology for manufacturing Misoprostal, an abortive drug also used in the treatment of ulcers. Now we can easily get rid of Ulcer.

He has successfully prepared some important drug molecules such as bedaquiline for multi-drug resistant TB, Galantamine for Alzheimer’s disease, Sertraline for treatment of depression, Nebivolol for hypertension and marine natural products such as Eribulin, Azumamide, Arenamide and Bengazole which are scarce to get from nature, with potent biological activities.

As he moves on achieving his target , he has made contributions in synthesizing complex and scarcely available natural products in the laboratory using easily available chemicals.

Chandrasekhar has over 250 publications in national and international journals to his credit.

Prof. Chandrasekhar has displayed an exceptional flair for identifying and synthesizing molecules of biological relevance, topical synthetic interest and utility to industry. His research efforts, with an impressive degree of innovations and enterprise, have led to the synthesis of complex and scarcely available natural products and new molecular entities for affordable healthcare. His endeavors have provided cost-effective technologies to chemical industry through identification of new reagents / solvents for specific transformations. Chandrasekhar’s group has synthesized several classes of complex natural products in optically pure form employing chiral pool precursors and catalytic asymmetric reactions and his syntheses of pladienolide, azumamide, bengazole etc., bear testimony to the efficacy of such approaches.

His passion and commitment to topical health related problems is through provisioning for better and affordable access to important drugs. Mention may be made of hissynthesis of bedaquiline, the first drug approved by FDA after a gap of over 40 years for the treatment of multi-drug resistant TB through simpler transformations and higher yields to ensure ready availability. He along with a team atIICT has developed a scalable synthetic route for misoprostol (a hormone like biologically important synthetic prostaglandin) used to prevent gastric ulcer, induce labor and / or abortion (particularly for safe termination of unwanted pregnancies), which has already been commercialized.

Honours / Awards / Fellowships:

AP akademi young scientist 1995

INSA medal for young scientist 1996

CSIR young scientist 1997

Alexander von humboldt fellow 2000

Grapefruit flavor NOOTKATONE

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Feb 252015

D. Srinivasa Reddy of CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune devised (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 8149. DOI: 10.1021/jo401033j) a cascade protocol of Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 8 to the diene 7 followed by intramolecular aldol condensation, to give the enone 9. Oxidative manipulation followed by methylenation completed the synthesis of the commercially important grapefruit flavor Nootkatone (10).

A simple and efficient synthesis of functionalized cis-hydrindanes and cis-decalins was achieved using a sequential Diels–Alder/aldol approach in a highly diastereoselective manner. The scope of this method was tested with a variety of substrates and was successfully applied to the synthesis of two natural products in racemic form. The highlights of the present work provide ready access to 13 new cis-hydrindanes/cis-decalins, a protecting group-free total synthesis of an insect repellent Nootkatone, and the first synthesis of a Noreremophilane using the shortest sequence.

(4R*,4aS*,6R*)-4,4a-Dimethyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaph thaen-2(3H)-one ((±)-Nootkatone 20)

(±)-Nootkatone 20 (19 mg, 65%). IRυmax(film) 2923, 1668, 1606, 1459 cm–1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.77 (s, 1 H), 4.74 (s, 1 H), 4.72(s, 1 H), 2.50 (ddt, J = 15.3, 5.0, 1.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.40–2.24 (m, 4 H), 2.04–1.89 (m, 3 H),1.74 (s, 3 H), 1.40–1.29 (m, 2 H), 1.11 (s, 3 H), 0.96 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 3 H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 199.9, 170.7, 149.3, 124.8, 109.4, 44.0, 42.2, 40.6, 40.5, 39.5, 33.2, 31.7, 21.0, 17.0, 15.0.

Nootkatone
Names

IUPAC name 4-α,5-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4α,5,6,7-octahydro-7-keto-3-isopropenylnaphthalene
Other names (+)-nootkatone
Identifiers
CAS number	4674-50-4
ChEMBL	ChEMBL446299
ChemSpider	1064812
InChI [show]
Jmol-3D images	Image
KEGG	C17914
PubChem	1268142
SMILES [show]
Properties
Molecular formula	C₁₅H₂₂O
Molar mass	218.33 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	Viscous yellow in its liquid form
Density	0.968 g/mL
Melting point	36 °C (97 °F; 309 K)
Boiling point	170 °C (338 °F; 443 K)
Hazards
S-phrases	S23 S24 S25
Flash point	~ 100 °C (212 °F)

Nootkatone is a natural organic compound and is the most important and expensive aromatic of grapefruit.^[1] It is a sesquiterpeneand a ketone.

Nootkatone was previouslythought to be one of the main chemical components of the smell and flavour of grapefruits. In its solid form it is usually found as crystals. As a liquid, it is viscous and yellow. Nootkatone is typically extracted from grapefruit, but can also be manufactured with genetically modified organisms, or through the chemical or biochemical oxidation of valencene. It is also found in Alaska yellow cedar trees^[2] and vetiver grass.^[3]

Uses

Nootkatone in spray form has been shown as an effective repellent/insecticide against deer ticks^[3]^[4]^[5] and lone star ticks.^[4]^[5] It is also an effective repellent/insecticide against mosquitos, and may repel bed bugs, head lice and other insects.^[6] It is environmentally friendly insecticide, because it is a volatile essential oil that does not persist in the environment.^[6] It is nontoxic to humans, is an approved food additive,^[6] and “is commonly used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals”.^[3]

The CDC has licensed patents to two companies to produce an insecticide and an insect repellant.^[6] Allylix, of San Diego, CA, is one of these licensees ^[7] and has developed an enzyme fermentation process that will produce nookatone more cost effectively.^[8]

References

Furusawa, Mai; Toshihiro Hashimoto; Yoshiaki Noma; Yoshinori Asakawa (November 2005). “Highly Efficient Production of Nootkatone, the Grapefruit Aroma from Valencene, by Biotransformation”. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 53 (11): 1513–1514. doi:10.1248/cpb.53.1513.PMID 16272746.
Panella, NA.; Dolan, MC.; Karchesy, JJ.; Xiong, Y.; Peralta-Cruz, J.; Khasawneh, M.; Montenieri, JA.; Maupin, GO. (May 2005). “Use of novel compounds for pest control: insecticidal and acaricidal activity of essential oil components from heartwood of Alaska yellow cedar.”. J Med Entomol 42 (3): 352–8. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0352:UONCFP]2.0.CO;2. PMID 15962787.
Jan Suszkiw (January 2011). “Lignin + Nootkatone = Dead Ticks”. USDA.
Dolan, MC.; Jordan, RA.; Schulze, TL.; Schulze, CJ.; Manning, MC.; Ruffolo, D.; Schmidt, JP.; Piesman, J.; Karchesy, JJ. (Dec 2009). “Ability of two natural products, nootkatone and carvacrol, to suppress Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in a Lyme disease endemic area of New Jersey”. J Econ Entomol 102 (6): 2316–24. doi:10.1603/029.102.0638. PMID 20069863.
Jordan, Robert A.; Schulze, Terry L.; Dolan, Marc C. (January 2012). “Efficacy of Plant-Derived and Synthetic Compounds on Clothing as Repellents Against Ixodes scapularis andAmblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)”. Journal of Medical Entomology 49 (1): 101–106. doi:10.1603/ME10241. PMID 22308777.
Richard Knox (April 18, 2011). “Repelling Bugs With The Essence Of Grapefruit”. NPR.
Bigelow, Bruce (2011-04-28). “Nootkatone, So A-peeling in Grapefruit, is Repellent to Mosquitoes and Ticks”. xconomy.com. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
“Cost effective fermentation replaces costly exration”. Allylix. Retrieved 10 August 2012.

External links

Dr. D. Srinivasa Reddy

https://www.linkedin.com/pub/d-srinivasa-reddy-dsreddy/1/75a/139

Research areas

Total Synthesis
Medicinal Chemistry

Our group research interests are broadly in total synthesis of biologically active compounds and medicinal chemistry. Current projects include the total synthesis of bioactive natural products such as antiinflammatory agents, antibacterial agents, antimalarial compounds and anti-cancer agents. Targets are chosen for their interesting biological activity and moderate complexity, which drives our creative solutions to their synthesis. Our ability to achieve an efficient synthesis enables us to access sufficient quantities of target molecule for biological profiling and ready access to different analogs that may prove to be more selective and efficacious as a drug-like molecule. We have plans to divert our total synthesis projects into medicinal chemistry projects by simplifying the complex structures. In medicinal chemistry front, our main interest is to use “silicon-switch approach” to discover novel drugs or drug-like molecules with improved pharmacokintetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties.

DEC2014 NCL PUNE INDIA

DR ANTHONY WITH DR REDDY

Contact

Dr. D. Srinivasa Reddy
Senior Scientist
Office: R.No-282, Main building
Organic Chemistry Division
National Chemical Laboratory
Dr. Homi Bhabha Road
Pune 411008, India
Phone +91 20 2590 2445
Fax +91 20 2590 2624
E-mail [email protected]

Pancratistatin

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Feb 242015

Pancratistatin

Tomas Hudlicky

Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada

E-mail: [email protected]

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of complex natural and unnatural products: morphine, pancratistatin, and their analogs
Tomas Hudlicky
ARKIVOC 2006 (vii) 276-291
pp. 276 – 291

http://www.arkat-usa.org/get-file/23149/

Tomas Hudlicky: Canada Research Chair in Biocatalysis; Professor, Chemistry

Tomas Hudlicky

Organic synthesis, biocatalysis, electrochemistry, asymmeric catalysis

Our group is engaged in a variety of projects ranging from total synthesis to investigations of new reactions and the design of enzyme inhibitors. In total synthesis, we work on implementing reliable and efficient routes to target molecules. Our ventures are exact and logical pursuits, yet serendipity, intuition, and art all form an integral part of designing a total synthesis.

We have exploited the biooxidation of aromatic compounds in an exhaustive approach to the synthetic design of carbohydrates and their derivatives. Our guiding principles are symmetry, simplicity, and precise order of operations so that any derivative or stereoisomer with a sugar backbone can be constructed. These products are tested for glycosidase inhibition, a process important in viral expression. In addition, carbocyclic sugars can act as cell messengers, and their availability through synthesis allows greater understanding of cellular communication. Oligomers of inositols can also be exploited in a rational design of templates for asymmetric synthesis and in the design of chiral polymers.

Morphine, pancratistatin, and taxol are other important molecules in which our group has invested much synthetic effort. Their total synthesis permits the investigation of new reactions and mechanistic pathways, which can then be applied in subsequent syntheses. Current effort is focused on designing a practical synthesis of morphine and analogs and in probing the active pharmacophore of pancratistatin in hopes of designing a more bio-available anti-tumor agent.

To address environmentally benign manufacturing, or Green Chemistry, we are exploiting organic electrochemistry as replacement technology for metal-based oxidizing and reducing agents.

Finally we are devoting some effort to studies in the mechanism of prokaryotic oxygenase enzymes. Our ultimate goal is the design of a synthetic enzyme mimic that can be used as a chiral reagent for aromatic cis-hydroxylation.
Research: organic synthesis, green chemistry, chemoenzymatic synthesis, biomanufacturing, biocatalysis

When people are trying to find Brock University they are often told to use the Schmon Tower, which can be seen throughout Niagara, as their guide. In the world of organic chemistry, Tomas Hudlicky, a Canada Research Chair in Biocatalysis, has earned the same sort of status.

The goal of Hudlicky’s research is the practical and efficient synthesis of new medicinal agents by asymmetric synthesis and total synthesis of natural products. His work related to the total synthesis of morphine and the anticancer drug pancratistatin is concerned with refinements and production of the alkaloids in a more efficient and environmentally benign manner. Analogs of both compounds are also being synthesized and evaluated for biological activities.

Hudlicky also conducts research in the area of organic electrochemistry, which provides “green” alternatives to oxidation and reduction methodology. His current research has led to several patent applications and licensing agreements with the Johnson & Johnson subsidiary Noramco. He has also developed a new, simpler route to Tamiflu, one of the few compounds effective against the illness known as H5N1 virus or bird flu.

Recognized as a “green” scientist, Hudlicky converts pharmaceutical waste into a variety of desirable pharmaceutical compounds. His research is responsible for giving the harmful waste of the past a new life as analgesic and anti-tumour products, specifically compounds used in the treatment of cancer, bio-infection and diabetes.

Hudlicky receives daily requests from across the globe to join his research team. The Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex will greatly improve the size and capacity of Hudlicky’s research facilities, allowing him to accept more graduate students to study with his group.

Pancratistatin
Systematic (IUPAC) name

(1R,2S,3S,4S,4aR,11bR)-1,2,3,4,7-pentahydroxy-2,3,4,4a,5,11b-hexahydro-1H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-j]phenanthridin-6-one
Clinical data
Legal status	?
Identifiers
CAS number	96281-31-1
ATC code	?
PubChem	CID 441597
ChemSpider	390265
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₄H₁₅N O₈
Molecular mass

Pancratistatin (PST) is a natural compound initially extracted from Spider Lily,^[1] a Hawaiian native plant, belonging to the familyAmaryllidaceae^[2] (AMD).

Occurrence

Pancratistatin occurs naturally in Hawaiian Spider Lily, a flowering plant within the Amaryllidaceae family. Pancratistatin is mostly found in the bulb tissues of Spider Lilies. It has been shown that the enrichment of atmospheric CO2 can enhance the production ofantiviral secondary metabolites, including Pancratistatin, in these plants.^[3] Pancratistatin can be isolated from the tropical bulbs ofHymenocallis littoralis in the order of 100 to 150 mg/kg when bulbs are obtained from the wild type in Hawaii. However, the compound has to be commercially extracted from field- and greenhouse-grown bulbs or from tissue cultures cultivated, for example, in Arizona, which generate lower levels of Pancratistatin (a maximum of 22 mg/kg) even in the peak month of October. After October, when the bulb becomes dormant, levels of Pancratistatin drop, down to only 4 mg/kg by May. Field-grown bulbs, which show monthly changes in Pancratistatin content, generate somewhat smaller amounts (2–5 mg/kg) compared to those grown in greenhouses cultivated over the same period.^[4] There are about 40 different Spider Lily species worldwide and they are mainly native to theAndes of South America.

Schoals Spider Lilly

Spider Lily

Pharmaceutical research

Pancratistatin is thought to have potential as a basis for the development of new pharmaceuticals,^[5] particularly in the field of cancer treatment.^[6]

Biosynthesis

Although there may not be a precise elucidation of Pancratistatin biological synthesis, there have been speculations on biosynthesis ofNarciclasine and Lycoricidine that are very similar to Pancratistatin in terms of structure. The biosynthesis is accomplished via synthesis from O-methylnorbelladine 4 by para-para phenol coupling to obtain vittatine 5 as an intermediate. Subsequent elimination of two carbon atoms and hydroxylations of compound 5 (vittatine) then leads to narciclasine.^[7]

Pancratistatin-like biosynthesis using Narciclasine as a model.

Total synthesis

The first total synthesis of racemic (+/-) Pancratistatin was proposed by Samuel Danishefsky and Joung Yon Lee, which involved a very complex and long (40 steps) total synthesis. According to both Danishefsky and Joung, there were several weak steps in this synthesis that gave rise to a disappointing low synthetic yield. Amongst the most challenging issues, the Moffatt transposition and theorthoamide problem, which required a blocking maneuver to regiospecifically distinguish the C, hydroxyl group for rearrangement were considered to be the severe cases. However, both Danishevsky and Yon Lee stated that their approach towards the PST total synthesis was not out of merit and believed that their work would interest other medicinal scientists to construct a much more practical and efficient way for PST total synthesis.^[8]^[9]

The work of Danishevsky and Joung provided the foundation for another total synthesis of PST, which was propounded by Li,M. in 2006. This method employed a more sophisticated approach, starting out with the pinitol 30 that its stereocenters are exactly the same as the ones in the C-ring of Pancratistatin.^[10] Protection of the diol functions of compound 30 gave compound 31. The free hydroxyl of this was subsequently substituted by an azide to give 32. After removal of the silyl function, a cyclic sulfate was installed to obtain product 33. The Staudinger reaction gave the free amine 34 from azide 33. The coupling reaction between 34 and 35 gave compound 36 with a moderate yield. Methocymethyl protection of both the amide and the free phenol gave compound 37. Treatment of this latter product with t-BuLi followed by addition of cerium chloride gave compound 38. Full deprotection of 38 by BBr3 and methanol afforded pancratistatin 3 in 12 steps from commercially available pinitol with an overall yield of 2.3% 20.

a: TIPDSCl2, imidazole, DMAP, DMF, 24%. b: DMP, p-TsOH, acetone, 81%. c: PPh3, DEAD, CH3SO3H, CH2Cl2, 0 °C to r.t. then NaN3, DMF, 60 °C, 72%. d: TBAF, THF, 0 °C to r.t., 100%. e: SOCl2, Et3N, CH2Cl2, 0 °C. f: NaIO4, RuCl3, aq CH3CN, 87% (more than two steps). g: PPh3, aq THF, 0 °C to r.t., 94%. h: Et2O, 35, 0 °C, 64%. i: K2CO3, MOMCl,DMF, 84%. j: t-BuLi, CeCl3, ultrasound, THF, −78 °C to r.t., 72%. k: BBr3, CH2Cl2, −78 °C to 0 °C, 1 hour then MeOH, −78 °C to 0 °C, 2 hours, 52%.

Total Synthesis of racemic Pancratistatin CLICK ON PICTURE
The abstract of the Stereocontrolled synthesis of Pancratistatin
Pancratistatin and Narciclasine
Streocontrolled synthesis of pancratistatin

A very recent approach to a stereocontrolled Pancratistatin synthesis was accomplished by Sanghee Kim from the National University of Seoul, in which claisen rearrangement of dihydropyranethlyene and a cyclic sulfate elimination reaction were employed 21. This reaction has proven to be very highly efficient as it produced an 83% overall synthetis yield. (Proved by H and 13C NMR).

The B ring of the phenanthridone (three membered nitrogen hetrocyclic ring) is formed using the Bischler-Napieralski reaction. The n precursor 3 with its stereocenters in the C ring is stereoselectively synthesized from the cis-disubstituted cyclohexene 4. The presence of unsaturated carbonyl in compound 4 suggested the use of a Claisen rearrangement of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranylethylene.^[11]

The synthesis starts with the treatment of 6 with excess trimethyl phosphate. This reaction provides phosphate 7 in 97% yield. Using Honer-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction between 7 ands acrolein dimmer 8 in the presence of LHMDS in THF forms (E)-olefin 5 with very high stereoselectivity in 60% yield. Only less than 1% of (Z)-olefin was detected in the final product. The Claisen rearrangement of dihydropyranethylene forms the cis-distributed cyclohexene as a single isomer in 78% yield.

The next step of the synthesis involves the oxidation of aldehyde of compound 4 using NaClO2 to the corresponding carboxylic acid 9 in 90% yield. Iodolactonization of 9 and subsequent treatment with DBU in refluxing benzene gives rise to the bicyclic lacytone in 78% yield. Mthanolysis of lactone 10 with NaOMe forms a mixture of hydroxyl ester 11 and its C-4a epimer (Pancratistatin numbering). Saponification of the methyl ester 11 with LiOH was followed by a Curtius rearrangement of the resulting acid 12 with diphenylphosphoryl azide in refluxing toluene to afford isocyanate intermediate, which its treatment with NaOMe/MeOH forms the corresponding carbamate 13 in 82% yield.

The next steps of the synthesis involve the regioselevtive elimination of C-3 hydroxyl group and subsequent unsaturation achieved by cyclic sulfate elimination. Diol 16 needs to be treated with thionyl chloride and further oxidation with RuCl3 provides the cyclic sulfate 17 in 83% yield.^[12] Treatment of cyclic sulfate with DBU yields the desired allylic alcohol 18 (67% yield).

Reaction with OsO4 forms the single isomerlization 19 in 88% yield. Peracetylation of 19 (77% yield) accompanied by Banwell’s modified Bischler-Napieralski forms the compound 20 with a little amount of isomer 21 ( 7:1 regioselectivity). The removal of protecting groups with NaOMe/MeOH forms Pancratistatin in 83%.

………………………………………………………….

Cheon-Gyu Cho of Hanyang University added (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 5806. DOI: 10.1021/ol4028623) the activated dienophile 4 to the dienyl lactone to give, after oxidation, the dibromide 5. Debromination followed by oxidation led to the antineoplastic lactam Pancratistatin (6).

………………………………….

References

Siedlakowski, P.; McLachlan-Burgess, A.; Griffin, C.; Tirumalai, S. S.; McNulty, J.; Pandey, S. Synergy of pancratistatin and tamoxifen on breast cancer cells in inducing apoptosis by targeting mitochondria. Cancer Biol. Ther. 2008, 7, 376-384.
Shnyder, S. D.; Cooper, P. A.; Millington, N. J.; Gill, J. H.; Bibby, M. C. Sodium Pancratistatin 3,4-O-Cyclic Phosphate, a Water-Soluble Synthetic Derivative of Pancratistatin, Is Highly Effective in a Human Colon Tumor Model. J. Nat. Prod. 2008, 71, 321-324.
Ziska, L.; Emche, S.; Johnson, E. Alterations in the production and concentration of selected alkaloids as a function of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature: implications for ethno-pharmacology. Global Change Biology 2005, 11, 1798-1807
Ingrassia, L.; Lefranc, F.; Mathieu, V.; Darro, F.; Kiss, R. Amaryllidaceae isocarbostyril alkaloids and their derivatives as promising antitumor agents. Transl Oncol 2008, 1, 1-13.
Nair JJ, Bastida J, Codina C, Viladomat F, van Staden J (September 2013). “Alkaloids of the South African Amaryllidaceae: a review”. Nat Prod Commun (Review) 8 (9): 1335–50.PMID 24273880.
Nair JJ, Bastida J, Viladomat F, van Staden J (December 2012). “Cytotoxic agents of the crinane series of amaryllidaceae alkaloids”. Nat Prod Commun (Review) 7 (12): 1677–88.PMID 23413581.
Fuganti, C; Staunton, J; Battersby, AR. The biosynthesis of narciclasine. J Chem Soc D: Chem Commun. 1971, 19, 1154–1155.
anishefsky, S.; Lee, J. Y. Total synthesis of (B1)-pancratistatin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4829-37.
Jump up^ Li, M; Wu, A; Zhou, P. A concise synthesis of (+)-pancratistatin using pinitol as a chiral building block. Tetrahedron Lett. 2006, 47, 3707–3710.
Kim, S.; Ko, H.; Kim, E.; Kim, D. Stereocontrolled total synthesis of pancratistatin. Org Lett. 2002, 4, 1343-5.
Shin, K. J.; Moon, H. R.; George, C.; Marquez, V. E.J. Org.Chem. 2000, 65, 2172.
Winkler, J. D.; Kim, S.; Harrison, S.; Lewin, N. E.; Blumberg, P. M. J.Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 296.

ANTHONY CRASTO VENTURES INTO CHINA…..MY KAIXIN BLOG 开心网 ON MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

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Feb 232015

KAIXIN

MY EASTERN VENTURE TO PROPAGATE CHEMISTRY……………http://www.kaixin001.com/home/?_profileuid=159073878

CHINA

MY EASTERN VENTURE TO PROPAGATE CHEMISTRY……………http://www.kaixin001.com/home/?_profileuid=159073878

MY EASTERN VENTURE TO PROPAGATE CHEMISTRY……………http://www.kaixin001.com/home/?_profileuid=159073878\

Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors from Marine Resources: Prospects in the Pharmaceutical Industry

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Feb 202015

Mar. Drugs 2010, 8(4), 1080-1093; doi:10.3390/md8041080

Review

Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors from Marine Resources: Prospects in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Isuru Wijesekara ¹ and Se-Kwon Kim ^1,^2,*

Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea; E-Mail: [email protected] (I.W.)

Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-51-629-7094; Fax: +82-51-629-7099.

Received: 19 February 2010; in revised form: 8 March 2010 / Accepted: 29 March 2010 /
Published: 31 March 2010

Abstract

: Hypertension or high blood pressure is one of the major independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1; ACE) plays an important physiological role in regulation of blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Therefore, the inhibition of ACE activity is a major target in the prevention of hypertension. Recently, the search for natural ACE inhibitors as alternatives to synthetic drugs is of great interest to prevent several side effects and a number of novel compounds such as bioactive peptides, chitooligosaccharide derivatives (COS) and phlorotannins have been derived from marine organisms as potential ACE inhibitors. These inhibitory derivatives can be developed as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals with potential to prevent hypertension. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the marine-derived ACE inhibitors and their future prospects as novel therapeutic drug candidates for treat hypertension.

– See more at: http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/8/4/1080/htm#sthash.B8fUm0Hw.dpuf

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Vinita Gupta, Group President and CEO at Lupin Pharmaceuticals

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Feb 192015

Vinita Gupta, 43, Group President and CEO, Lupin Pharmaceuticals and Director, Lupin

Feb 2015….India-based drugmaker Lupin has signed an agreement with Polish biopharmaceutical firm Celon Pharma to develop a fluticasone / salmeterol dry powder inhaler (DPI).

Under the deal, Lupin will take the responsibility for commercialisation of the product, which is a generic version of GlaxoSmithKline’s (GSK) Advair Diskus.

Lupin CEO Vinita Gupta said: “We are very pleased to partner with Celon given their experience in the development and manufacturing of fluticasone/salmeterol DPI in Europe…………..http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newslupin-celon-pharma-partner-generic-version-gsks-advair-diskus-4514718?WT.mc_id=DN_News

Ms. Vinita Gupta is the CEO of Lupin Pharmaceuticals Inc, USA, (LPI) and Group President, Director on the board of Lupin Limited and a Director on the Board of Lupin’s Japanese subsidiary Kyowa Pharmaceuticals. Ms. Gupta is responsible for the North American and European business of the company.

Ms. Gupta joined Lupin in 1992 and developed Lupin’s entry strategy into US and Europe. Under her leadership Lupin has emerged as a leader in the US generic market as well as the only company from India to have a successful brand business in the US. As part of her responsibility she built the entire management team for the US and European business and supervised the development of the company’s pipeline.

Ms. Gupta holds a Bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy from the University of Mumbai and MBA from J L Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University.

“A good year” is how Vinita Gupta, Group President and CEO at Lupin Pharmaceuticals, describes her company’s performance at a time when unsettling news was the key takeaway for pharma companies. Lupin grew by an impressive 35.9 per cent globally and 24 per cent in India. New product launches helped it grow its generics business by 52 per cent, making it the sixth-largest generics pharmaceutical company globally by market capitalisation and the third-largest Indian pharmaceutical company by revenues. “I can’t think of any challenges that affected Lupin’s performance during the last fiscal year,” says Gupta, 44. The company’s strategy now is to focus strongly on building its branded business globally.

Vinita Gupta, 43, Group President and CEO, Lupin Pharmaceuticals and Director, Lupin, is based in the United States, but has been in India a lot in the past one year.

Vinita Gupta

With an expanding role in Lupin’s universe, Vinita has been spending more time outside the US, at times taking her six-year-old son, Krish with her. “He is getting exposure at a much younger age,” she says. Gupta herself was exposed to business at the age of 11 by her father Desh Bandhu Gupta, Lupin’s founder and Chairman.

“We almost had a family board at home, discussing work,” she says. Currently work goes well indeed, with Gupta taking new initiatives in India and also making the business more global. “I am focusing on drivers for growth in our business for the next five years,” she says.

Gupta is married to US-based businessman Brij Sharma.

She was 13 when she travelled to Switzerland with her father, to watch him position the family-run Lupin Limited, to negotiate and to strategise. It was enough to get her hooked. Enough for her to move away from a childhood fascination for art and enter the world of pharmaceuticals. Group president and CEO, Lupin Pharmaceuticals, and director on the board of Lupin Limited, Vinita Gupta has never regretted that decision. The 41-year-old is responsible for creating a substantial international presence for the company that was born in Mumbai in 1968 and named after a leguminous flower.

The Lupin group produces affordable generic and branded formulations in the world with a significant presence in cardiovasculars, diabetes, asthma, pediatrics and anti-infectives. But Desh Bandhu Gupta, her father, wanted the company to make an impact in the western market.

It was a challenge that seemed perfect for Gupta who graduated in pharmacy from the University of Mumbai and then spent a year working at the company in Mumbai. She then moved to the US for an MBA from the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University, following it with a brief stint in a US pharma company. But she didn’t want to be a mere “cog in the wheel”, returning to India to take up that initial challenge-to create a business strategy that would allow Lupin to enter American and European markets.

Today, Lupin is the ninth largest generics company in the US. It is also one of India’s top five pharmaceutical players and one of the fastest growing top 10 generic players in Japan and South Africa. The US arm of the business, Gupta’s baby, contributes to over 30 per cent of Lupin’s revenues, a company that clocked in close to Rs.4,000 crore in 2008-2009. Nine out of the 23 generic products Lupin has in the US market are at the number one position giving consistent competition to larger US pharma companies.

With brother Nilesh

With brother NileshThe beginning however was difficult. After all, India wasn’t very well known in the US market. “We realised that we had the aspirations but not the infrastructure in the form of facilities to meet US and European requirements and standards,” she remembers. So she spent three years building the infrastructure, creating a process that would be acceptable to these regulated markets. The break came with Suprax, a pediatric antiinfective drug that was valued at nearly $60 million in the US market. Gupta had already filed for a generic of the brand. “Suddenly, we had the opportunity to brand the generic, so we licensed the brand name from the innovator as he had left the market,” she remembers. It was a three-person team with 40 outsourced sales people.

Today, the product’s sales are at $74 million. It has been satisfying, she says. “The innovator was in the market with a sales force of 300 people. We are 60.” The aim, she says, has always been to balance branded products as well as generic. The success, her father and chairman of the company, Desh Bandhu Gupta, says, stems not just from her determination. “It’s also her intimate understanding of the entire pharma spectrum with the motivation to see it through,” he says.
This determination became obvious when she managed to persuade the dean at Kellogg to give her admission, even though she was 19 and perhaps the youngest in her class. It was a challenging time as she learned to balance her work and household chores. “At that time in India, everything was handwritten. I had to do every single thing using the computer,” says Gupta who often bribed her friends with homemade Indian food to type out her projects. It taught her to be independent.

But it was perhaps, two months ago, when Gupta a bigger challenge. A deal that made tough seem an understatement. For Antara, an anti-cholesterol drug. “It was very much like Suprax, that was serendipity,” says Gupta. It was a large product with high potential. But the company was in bankruptcy. “I was sure we could do things differently with the product,” she says.

Gupta says Lupin was the first to file for the generic brand. But they couldn’t own the generic and the brand. She had six weeks to sell the generic, win the bid in the US bankruptcy court and buy the brand. She did it. At $38 million, one-third its market value. It’s a deal that Nilesh, her brother and group president and executive director, believes displayed his sister’s meticulous calibre. “There were three sets of negotiations going on at the same time. And while there were others involved, this deal was Vinita all the way,” he says.

Kamal Sharma, managing director, Lupin Limited, has watched Gupta transform from a teenager learning the ropes of a business to the successful go-getter that she is today. “She values, teaches and encourages her people to deliver consistent results year after year,” he says. It’s an attitude that is apparent from the get-go.

(L-R) With Richa, Kavita, Anuja and Nilesh

(L-R) With Richa, Kavita, Anuja and NileshAt the Trident, Mumbai, for the photo shoot, Gupta is comfortable surrounded by people, even though she is a little hesitant in front of the camera. It’s here that she actually seems to shed the image of an ultimate powerhouse, a businesswoman driven to succeed. It is here that she becomes the Mumbaikar who prefers a masala chai over brewed coffee and a plain tee over a designer label. In some ways, she is still the girl who grew up in a housing society near the airport in Vile Parle, Mumbai. It’s the kind of place where people still keep their doors open and where one can walk into a neighbour’s house without having to knock. Things weren’t handed to her on a golden platter, she admits. In fact, she says, their father taught them that, “as a family we would have to work harder to earn and deserve our right more than what other professionals do.”

As a child, she remembers sharing a room with her four siblings, Kavita, Anuja, Nilesh and Richa. She didn’t like that very much. “But now, when I think of it, I feel it was an amazing life,” she says. Her father adds that he always took his children to different countries, either on work or otherwise. It was his way of showing them the world and different experiences.
But a different side emerges as Gupta talks of the pharma industry. “I dreamed of taking what Dad had built and adding value to it in the western markets,” she says. “This is what I had always prepared myself for. I am living the dream.” And it isn’t as if there aren’t any downs. Six months ago, she remembers, the company received a warning letter from the Food and Drug Administration. She spent that time working to resolve their concerns. “And then three months later, we made one of our most attractive acquisitions. The industry is so quick changing, so dynamic. It always keeps you thinking,” she says.

For Nilesh though, Gupta is his sounding board, the eldest sister with whom he shares a relationship that complements their work profiles. And while Nilesh says with a laugh, Gupta doesn’t pull the bigsister act with him at work, home is a different story. Gupta admits with a mock sigh, “You can’t posture with your siblings. You can posture with anyone else, but not your siblings.”

With husband Brij and son Krish

With husband Brij and son KrishThe obvious downside, however, is family. Her work keeps her busy, sees her up and in office by 8 am, back just in time to spend about an hour with her four-year-old son Krish. “He was a very easy child till some time ago, but lately he has become very demanding,” she says with a smile. Just as Gupta was leaving her home in Baltimore, Maryland for her current trip to India, Krish demanded they go leaf-picking in their backyard. “More than anything, I loved watching the expression on his face while we were picking leaves. His smile brightens up my day,” she says.

As much as her job is a passion she tries to spend time with Krish and husband Brij Sharma, a businessman whom she met in the US. “My husband is a very good listener. I keep talking whenever I am with him and he listens even today,” she says with a laugh. A workout is a must, however, as Gupta heads to the gym every day, spinning the cycle even when she was eight months pregnant.

“My husband jokes that’s the reason why Krish thinks and behaves ahead of his age,” laughs Gupta. But biking near the waterfront with her son and spending time on her husband’s boat is an activity that wins hands down. As does time spent with her two sisters Anuja and Richa, who live in Chicago. While Anuja is a pediatric cardiologist, Anuja is into public health. They do plan vacations together, but she often discovers that her brother Nilesh refuses to talk to her over the weekend. “Probably because I always end up talking about work,” she says with a laugh. “It has become so much a part of our lives,” she says.

Biggest Challenge

To bring in the changes required that will continue to set the company apart from the competition, and to attain a good work-life balance

In June2012 , Vinita Gupta, CEO of Lupin Pharmaceuticals Inc, the Indian drug maker’s US unit, received the “Entrepreneur of the Year” award from Ernst & Young in the health services and technology category for Maryland state of the US. Over the past year, the US business of Lupin crossed the $500 million mark.

ms-vinita-gupta-ceo-lupin-pharma-winner-of-the-e-y-entrepreneur-of-the-year-2012-award Ms Vinita Gupta, CEO, Lupin Pharma – Winner of the E&Y Entrepreneur of the Year 2012 Award Singapore: Ernst & Young LLP have awarded the Entrepreneur of the Year 2012 Award in the Health Services and Technology category to Ms Vinita Gupta, CEO, Lupin Pharmaceuticals. As a Maryland award winner, Ms Gupta is now eligible for consideration for the National Entrepreneur of the Year 2012 Award. The award recognizes outstanding entrepreneurs, who demonstrate excellence and extraordinary success in such areas as innovation, financial performance and personal commitment to their businesses and communities. Ms Gupta was selected by an independent panel of judges, and the award was presented at a special gala on June 28, 2012, at the Baltimore Marriott Waterfront, Maryland. Commenting on the award, Ms Vinita Gupta, CEO, Lupin Pharmaceuticals said, “I am honored to receive this recognition on behalf of our company. We have been very fortunate to have multiple opportunities to grow and differentiate our organization while bringing quality, affordable generics and valuable brands to the US market. The passion, dedication and entrepreneurial spirit of our team has set us apart from competition.”