AMG 900, An aurora kinase (ARK) inhibitor potentially for the treatment of leukemia and solid tumours

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Jun 152016

AMG-900

N-(4-((3-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazin-1-amine.

N-(4-(3-(2-Aminopyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazin-1-amine

Amgen Inc. INNOVATOR

Inventors	Victor J. Cee, Holly L. Deak, Bingfan Du,Stephanie D. Geuns-Meyer, Brian L. Hodous,Hanh Nho Nguyen, Philip R. Olivieri, Vinod F. Patel, Karina Romero, Laurie Schenkel,Less «
Applicant	Amgen Inc.

An aurora kinase (ARK) inhibitor potentially for the treatment of leukemia and solid tumours.

CAS No. 945595-80-2

In 2014, orphan drug designation was assigned in the U.S. for the treatment of ovarian cancer

Molecular Formula:	C₂₈H₂₁N₇OS
Molecular Weight:	503.57764 g/mo

	AMG 900; AMG-900; 945595-80-2; AMG900; UNII-9R2G075611; N-(4-((3-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazin-1-amine;

AMG 900 is a small-molecule inhibitor of Aurora kinases A, B and C with potential antineoplastic activity. Aurora kinase inhibitor AMG 900 selectively binds to and inhibits the activities of Aurora kinases A, B and C, which may result in inhibition of cellular division and proliferation in tumor cells that overexpress these kinases. Aurora kinases are serine-threonine kinases that play essential roles in mitotic checkpoint control during mitosis and are overexpressed by a wide variety of cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent

AMG 900 is a potent and highly selective pan-Aurora kinases inhibitor for Aurora A/B/C with IC50 of 5 nM/4 nM /1 nM; >10-fold selective for Aurora kinases than p38α, Tyk2, JNK2, Met and Tie2.
IC50 Value: 5 nM(Aurora A); 4 nM(Aurora B); 1 nM(Aurora C)
Target: pan-Aurora
in vitro: AMG 900 is a novel class of ATP-competitive phthalazinamine small molecule inhibitors of aurora kinases. In HeLa cells, AMG 900 inhibits autophosphorylation of aurora-A and -B as well as phosphorylation of histone H3 on Ser, a proximal substrate of aurora-B. The predominant cellular response of tumor cells to AMG 900 treatment is aborted cell division without a prolonged mitotic arrest, which ultimately results in cell death. AMG 900 inhibits the proliferation of 26 tumor cell lines, including cell lines resistant to the antimitotic drug paclitaxel and to other aurora kinase inhibitors (AZD1152, MK-0457, and PHA-739358), at low nanomolar concentrations (about 2- 3 nM). Furthermore, AMG 900 is active in an AZD1152-resistant HCT116 variant cell line that harbors an aurora-B mutation (W221L) [1].
in vivo: Oral administration of AMG 900 blocks the phosphorylation of histone H3 in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited the growth of HCT116 tumor xenografts. AMG 900 is broadly active in multiple xenograft models, including 3 multidrugresistant xenograft models, representing 5 tumor types [1]. AMG 900 exhibits a low-to-moderate clearance and a small volume of distribution. Its terminal elimination half-life ranged from 0.6 to 2.4 hours. AMG 900 is well-absorbed in fasted animals with an oral bioavailability of 31% to 107%. Food intake has an effect on rate (rats) or extent (dogs) of AMG 900 oral absorption. The clearance and volume of distribution at steady state in humans are predicted to be 27.3 mL/h/kg and 93.9 mL/kg, respectively. AMG 900 exhibits acceptable PK properties in preclinical species and is predicted to have low clearance in humans [2].

In mammalian cells, the aurora kinases (aurora-A, -B, and -C) play essential roles in regulating cell division. The expression of aurora-A and -B is elevated in a variety of human cancers and is associated with high proliferation rates and poor prognosis, making them attractive targets for anticancer therapy. AMG 900 is an orally bioavailable, potent, and highly selective pan-aurora kinase inhibitor that is active in taxane-resistant tumor cell lines. In tumor cells, AMG 900 inhibited autophosphorylation of aurora-A and -B as well as phosphorylation of histone H3 on Ser(10), a proximal substrate of aurora-B. The predominant cellular response of tumor cells to AMG 900 treatment was aborted cell division without a prolonged mitotic arrest, which ultimately resulted in cell death. AMG 900 inhibited the proliferation of 26 tumor cell lines, including cell lines resistant to the antimitotic drug paclitaxel and to other aurora kinase inhibitors (AZD1152, MK-0457, and PHA-739358), at low nanomolar concentrations. Furthermore, AMG 900 was active in an AZD1152-resistant HCT116 variant cell line that harbors an aurora-B mutation (W221L). Oral administration of AMG 900 blocked the phosphorylation of histone H3 in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited the growth of HCT116 tumor xenografts. Importantly, AMG 900 was broadly active in multiple xenograft models, including 3 multidrug-resistant xenograft models, representing 5 tumor types. AMG 900 has entered clinical evaluation in adult patients with advanced cancers and has the potential to treat tumors refractory to anticancer drugs such as the taxanes.

MG 900 is an orally bioavailable, potent, and highly selective pan-aurora kinase inhibitor that is active in taxane-resistant tumor cell lines. In tumor cells, AMG 900 inhibited autophosphorylation of aurora-A and -B as well as phosphorylation of histone H3 on Ser10, a proximal substrate of aurora-B. The predominant cellular response of tumor cells to AMG 900 treatment was aborted cell division without a prolonged mitotic arrest, which ultimately resulted in cell death. AMG 900 inhibited the proliferation of 26 tumor cell lines, including cell lines resistant to the antimitotic drug paclitaxel and to other aurora kinase inhibitors (AZD1152, MK-0457, and PHA-739358), at low nanomolar concentrations. Furthermore, AMG 900 was active in an AZD1152-resistant HCT116 variant cell line that harbors an aurora-B mutation (W221L). Oral administration of AMG 900 blocked the phosphorylation of histone H3 in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited the growth of HCT116 tumor xenografts. Importantly, AMG 900 was broadly active in multiple xenograft models, including 3 multidrug-resistant xenograft models, representing 5 tumor types. AMG 900 has entered clinical evaluation in adult patients with advanced cancers and has the potential to treat tumors refractory to anticancer drugs such as the taxanes. (Source: Cancer Res; 70(23); 9846Â–54.)

Clinical Information of AMG 900

Product Name	Sponsor Only	Condition	Start Date	End Date	Phase	Last Change Date
AMG 900	Amgen Inc	Leukemia	31-JUL-11	31-JUL-14	Phase 1	14-SEP-13
AMG 900	Amgen Inc	Advanced solid tumor	30-APR-09	30-JUN-13	Phase 1	10-SEP-13

AMG 900.png

PATENT

WO 2007087276

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2007087276A1?cl=en

PATENT

WO 2015084649

https://google.com/patents/WO2015084649A1?cl=en

The compound, N-(4-((3-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)- 4-(4-methyl-2-thienyl)-l-phthalazinamine, also chemically named as 4-((3-(2-amino- pyrimidin-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl-(4-(4-methyl-thiophen-2-yl)-phthalazin-l- yl)amine, and is referred to herein as “AMG 900” has a chemical structure of

AMG 900 is an ATP competitive small molecule Aurora kinase inhibitor that is highly potent and selective for Aurora kinases A, B and C. AMG 900 is disclosed in US patent publication no. 20070185111, which published on August 9, 2007 and issued as U.S. Patent No. 7,560,551. AMG 900 is further disclosed in US patent publication no.

20090163501, now US patent no 8,022,221. Various uses and applications of AMG 900 are described in patent publications US20120028917 and WO2013149026. AMG 900 is being clinically evaluated primarily for its safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in human phase I trials for (1) advanced solid tumors (US Clinical Trial Id No. NCT00858377), and (2) for acute leukemias (US Clinical Trial Id No. NCT1380756).

Different solid state forms of a given compound are typically investigated to determine whether or not a particular form possesses and/or exhibits desirable properties allowing that compound to be clinically and/or commercially developed. Such beneficial and advantageous properties, by way of example, include without limitation, crystallinity, improved thermodynamic stability, non-hygroscopicity, high purity, minimal to total absence of moisture and/or residual solvents, chemical stability, high yielding synthetic process and/or manufacturability and reproducibility, desirable biopharmaceutical properties including improved dissolution characteristics and increased bioavailability, absence or reduced toxicities due to reduced or limited exposure, rate of exposure or release, or related to counter ions, good bulk and formulation properties including good flow, bulk density, desirable particle size and the like, or a combination of the aforementioned characteristic attributes.

Generally when a compound, also referred to herein as drug substance (DS), has been identified as a developmental candidate, the DS is screened to identify potentially beneficial polymorphic, crystalline or solid state forms of the compound and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. X-ray diffraction, Raman, solid state NMR and a melting point temperature and/or a melting point temperature range have been typically used to monitor or screen and identify the different polymorphic form of the DS.

Different polymorphic forms of a given DS can have an impact on that compound’s solubility, stability and bioavailability. Also, it is important to monitor possible changes in polymorphic forms of the DS during stability studies.

AMG 900 was previously isolated and identified as a free base compound. This compound exhibited rather lack-luster pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) properties, including poor aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, poor absorption, poor target exposure and overall, a not-so-attractive in-vivo efficacy profile. Thus, there is a need to address and solve the technical problem of identifying alternative forms of AMG 900 to achieve substantially the same effect or an improved effect, including improved PK and PD profiles, as that of AMG 900 known in the art.

Example 1

Synthesis of N-(4-((3-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl^N)-2-pyridinyl^N)oxy^N)phenyl^N)-4-(4-methyl-2-thienvD-l-phthalazinamine (AMG 900)

Step 1 : 4-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2 -amine

In an argon purged 500 mL round bottom flask placed in an isopropanol bath, was added sodium metal (3.40g, 148mmol) slowly to methanol (180mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature (RT) for about 30 minutes. To this was added guanidine hydrochloride (12.0 mL, 182 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 30 minutes, followed by addition of (E)-l-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-l-one (12.0 g, 57.0 mmol), attached air condenser, moved reaction to an oil bath, where it was heated to about 50 °C for 24 hr. Approximately half of the methanol was evaporated under reduced pressure and the solids were filtered under vacuum, then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO and H^O, air dried to yield 4-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine as off white solid. MS m/z = 207 [M+l]⁺. Calc’d for C₉H₇C1N₄: 206.63.

Step 2: 4-(2-(4-aminophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine

To a resealable tube was added 4-aminophenol (1.3 g, 12 mmol), cesium carbonate (7.8 g, 24 mmol), and DMSO (16 ml, 0.75 M). The mixture was heated to 100 °C for 5 minutes, and then 4-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2 -amine (2.5 g, 12 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated to 130 °C overnight. Upon completion, as judged by LCMS, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to RT and diluted with water. The resulting precipitate was filtered, and the solid washed with water and diethyl ether. The solid was then taken up in 9: 1 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH and passed through a pad of silica gel with 9:1 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH as eluent. The solvent was concentrated in vacuo to provide the desired product, 4-(2-(4-aminophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine. MS m/z = 280

[M+l]⁺. Calc’d for Ci₅H₁₃N₅0: 279.30.

Step 3: l-Chloro-4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazine

1 ,4-Dichlorophthalazine (1.40 g, 7.03 mmol), 4-methyltmophen-2-ylboronic acid (999 mg, 7.03 mmol), and PdCl₂(DPPF) (721 mg, 985 μιηοΐ) were added into a sealed tube. The tube was purged with Argon. Then sodium carbonate (2.0 M in water) (7.74 ml, 15.5 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (35.2 ml, 7.03 mmol) were added. The tube was sealed, stirred at RT for 5 min, and placed in a preheated oil bath at 110 °C. After 1 hr, LC-MS showed product and byproduct (double coupling), and starting material

dichlorophthalazme. The reaction was cooled to RT, filtered through a pad of celite with an aid of ethyl acetate (EtOAc), concentrated, and loaded onto column. The product was purified by column chromatography using Hex to remove the top spot, then 80:20 hexanes:EtOAc to collect the product. The product, 1 -chloro-4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazine was obtained as yellow solid. LC-MS showed that the product was contaminated with a small amount of dichlorophthalazme and biscoupling byproduct. MS m/z = 261 [M+l]⁺. Calcd for Ci₃H₉ClN₂S: 260.12.

Step 4: N-(4-((3-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methyl-2-thienyl)- 1 -phthalazinamine

To 4-(2-(4-aminophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2 -amine and l-chloro-4-(4-methyl-2-thienyl)phthalazine was added tBuOH. The resulting mixture was heated at 100 °C in a sealed tube for 16 hours. The rection was diluted with diethyl ether and saturated sodium carbonate and vigorously shaken. The resulting solids were filtered and washed with water, diethyl ether and air dried to yield N-(4-((3-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methyl-2-thienyl)-l -phthalazinamine as an off-white solid. MS m/z = 504 [M+H]⁺. Calc’d for C₂₈ H₂₁ N₇ O S: 503.58.

Example 2

Alternative Synthesis of N-(4-((3-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl^N)-2-pyridinyl^N)oxy^N)phenyl^N)-4-(4-methyl-2-thienvD-l-phthalazinamine (AMG 900)

Step 1 : 4-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2 -amine

Step 2: 4-(2-(4-aminophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine

To a reaction vessel at ambient temperature was added 4-aminophenol (571 g, 5.25 mol, 1.05 equiv) followed by 4-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (1064g, 97 wt%, 5.00 mol, 1.0 equiv) and DMSO (7110 ml, 7820 g, 7x the volume of 4-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2 -amine). The reaction mixture was agitated and sparged with nitrogen gas for at least 10 minutes. Then a 50 weight % aqueous KOH solution (593 g, 5.25 mol, 1.05 equiv.) was added to the mixture while keeping the reaction

mixture temperature below about 40°C. The mixture was sparged with nitrogen gas for more than 5 minutes, the sparging tube was removed, and the reaction mixture was heated to 110 +/- 10 °C for at least 1.5 hrs. Upon completion, as judged by HPLC, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to RT and diluted with 6N HC1 (42 mL, 0.25 mol, 0.05 equiv). The desired product, 4-(2-(4-aminophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2 -amine was not isolated. Rather, it was formed in-situ and combined with the product of step 3 below, in step 4 to form the desired product.

Step 3: l-Chloro-4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazine

A separate reaction vessel was fitted with a reflux condenser and an addition funnel, and 4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazin-l(2H)-one (1,537 mg, 6.34 mol, 1.0 equivalent) was added to the reaction vessel. Acetonitrile (7540 mL, 5859 g, 5 V), was added and the reaction vessel was agitated to allow the starting material to dissolve. The vessel was then charged with phosphorus oxychloride (709 ml, 1166 g, 7.44 mol, 1.2 equivalents) and the reaction was heated to about 75 +/- 5 °C for a least 4 hrs. The reaction was cooled to about about 25 +/- 5 °C and held there for more than 24 hrs. N,N-diisopropylethylamine (3046 g, 4100 mL, 3.8 equivalents) was added to the reaction vessel and the temperature was maintained at <30°C. Pyridine (97g, 1.24 mol, 0.2 equiv) was added in a single portion followed by water (4100 g, 2.7V) over more than 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature ofr about 24 hrs. the mixture was filtered through a <25uM polypropylene filter and the rsulting mother liquor was diluted with 1 : 1 ACN:water (9000 mL total) and stirred for a minimum of 2 minutes. Filter off product solids as they precipitate. Collect mother liquor and washes to obtain additional product. Dry the filter cake, and additional product crops, under a constant stream of nitrogen gas for at least 14 hrs. Unlike the previous method, the present method avoids contamination of impurities, such as dichlorophthalazine and biscoupling byproduct, as seen via LC-MS. Yield: 1537 g (97.2 weight %). MS m/z = 261 [M+l]⁺. Calcd for Ci₃H₉ClN₂S: 260.12.

Step 4: N-(4-((3-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methyl-2-thienyl)- 1 -phthalazinamine

To the reaction mixture was added l-chloro-4(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazine

(1450g, 97.2 wt%, 5.40 mol, 1.08 equiv) rinding the addition port with DMSO (520 ml, 572 g, 0.5x the volume of 4-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine). The reaction mixture was again agitated and sparged with nitrogen gas for at least 10 minutes. The sparging tube was removed, and the reaction mixture was heated to 80 +/- 20 °C for at least 2 hrs. Upon completion, as judged by HPLC, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to RT and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (776 g, 1045 mL, 6.0 mol, 1.2 equiv) was added and the mixture was kept at about 80 +/- 10°C. Filter the mixture at about 80oC into a separate reactor vessel rinsing with DMSO (1030 mL, 1133 g, 1 V). Then adjust the raction mixture temperature to about 70+/-5 °C and add 2-propanol (13200 mL, 10360 g, 12.75 V) over more than 15 minutes at about 70°C. As the reaction mistreu cools, the product begins to precipitate out of solution. Add more 2-propanol (8780 mL, 6900 g, 8.5V) to the solution slowly over more then 60 minutes at about 70°C. The reactor vessel was cooled to about 20°C over more than 60 minutes and let sit for over 2 hrs. The product was filtered through an Aurora filter with a >25uM polypropylene filter cloth. Additional crops were obtained from the mother liquors by diluting with additional 2-propanol. The filter cakes were dried under a constant stream of nitrogen gas for at least 14 hrs to provide the desired product, N-(4-((3-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methyl-2-thienyl)-l-phthalazinamine as an off-white solid. Yield: 2831 g (88.8%); purity 99.7%. MS m/z = 504 [M+H]⁺. Calc’d for C₂₈ H₂₁ N₇ O S: 503.58.

The starting material 1 used/shown in Example 2 was prepared as follows:

and starting material 3, thienyl substituted phthalazinone, shown in Example 2 was prepared as follows:

Starting material 3

Synthesis of 4-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazin-l(2//)-one

Step 1 : 2-(Dimethylamino)isoindoline-1.3-dione

A solution of isobenzofuran-l,3-dione (5.00 g, 34 mmol) and N,N-dimethylhydrazine (2.9 ml, 37 mmol) in toluene (75 ml, 34 mmol) was added p-TsOH H₂0 (0.32 g, 1.7 mmol). The Dean-Stark apparatus and a condenser were attached. The mixture was refluxed. After 4 hr, LCMS showed mainly product. The reaction was cooled to rt. Toluene was removed under reduced pressure the crude was dissolved in DCM, washed with sat NaHC0₃, water, and brine. The organic was dried over MgS0₄, filtered, and concentrated. Light yellow solid was obtained. ^!H NMR showed mainly product, 2-(dimethylamino)isoindoline-l,3-dione. MS Calcd for C10H10N2O2: [M]⁺ = 190. Found: [M+H]⁺ = 191.

Step 2 : 2-(Dimethylamino)-3 -hydroxy-3 -(5 -methylthiophen-2 -vDisoindolin- 1 -one

A solution of 2-bromo-5-methylthiophene (0.60 mL, 5.3 mmol) in THF (11 mL) was purged with nitrogen and cooled to -78 °C. «-Butyllithium (2.2 mL, 5.5 mmol; 2.5 M in THF) was added and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen for 30 min. This solution was cannulated into a flask containing a solution of 2-(dimethylamino)isoindoline-l,3-dione (1.5 g, 7.9 mmol) in THF (16 mL) at -78 °C under nitrogen. The reaction was allowed to warm to -30 °C over an hour, at which point LCMS showed complete conversion of 2-bromo-5-methylthiophene to product. The reaction was quenched by careful addition of saturated aqueous NH₄C1. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and water, and the layers were separated. The aqueous portion was extracted with additional dichloromethane, and the combined organic layers were dried with MgS0₄, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-2% MeOH in dichloromethane to provide intermediate A, as a light yellow solid, 2-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)isoindolin-l-one (1.2 g, 80% yield). ^!H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-4) δ 7.68-7.65 (m, 1H). 7.63-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=8), 7.09 (s, 1H), 6.69-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.65-6.62 (m, 1H), 2.81 (s, 6H), 2.40 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 165.0, 147.3, 141.6, 139.3, 132.7, 129.49, 129.46, 125.0, 124.7, 123.0, 122.1, 88.4, 44.7, 14.9. FT-IR (thin film, cm ) 3347, 3215, 1673. MS Calcd for Ci₂H₇ClN₂S: [M]⁺ = 288. Found: [M+H]⁺= 289.

HRMS Calcd for Ci₅H₁₆N₂0₂S: [M+H]⁺= 288.1005, [M+Na]⁺ = 311.0825. Found:

[M+H]⁺ = 289.1022, [M+Na]⁺= 311.0838. mp = 138-140 °C.

Step 3: 4-(5-Methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazin-l(2//)-one

2-(Dimethylamino)-3 -hydroxy-3 -(5 -methylthiophen-2-yl)isoindolin- 1 -one (1.1 g, 0.40 mmol), EtOH (4.0 mL), and hydrazine (0.19 mL, 59 mmol) were added into a RBF fitted with a reflux condenser. A nitrogen balloon was attached on top of the condenser. After refluxing overnight, the reaction was cooled to room temperature. An off-white solid precipitated. After cooling to 0 °C, water was added. The solid was filtered off with an aid of water and dried under vacuum to afford a white solid, 4-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazin-l(2//)-one (0.82 g, 85% yield).

^!H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1₃) δ 10.57 (s, 1H), 8.50-8.39 (m, 1H), 8.14-8.04 (m, 1H), 7.83- 7.69 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.82-6.71 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (400 MHz,

CDC1₃) 8 159.9, 142.5, 141.1, 134.3, 133.7, 131.7, 129.4, 128.8, 128.3, 127.1, 126.6,

125.8, 15.4. FT-IR (thin film, cm^“1) 2891, 1660, 1334. MS Calcd for Ci₃H₁₀N₂OS: [M]⁺

= 242. Found: [M+H]⁺= 243. HRMS Calcd for Ci₃H₁₀N₂OS: [M+H]⁺= 243.0587. Found:

[M+H]⁺ = 243.0581. mp = 191-194 °C.

Alternatively, starting material 3 was prepared as follows:

The above scheme depicts the process by which intermediate-scale synthesis of thiophene-phthalazinone 5 (shown above) was prepared. Treatment of 50 grams of 3-methylthiophene with z^‘-PrMgCl at 66 °C in the presence of catalytic TMP-H resulted in 98% conversion to the reactive species lb with a >40:1 regioisomeric ratio. After cooling to 20 °C, this mixture was added dropwise to a -20 °C slurry of phthalic anhydride in THF to provide keto acid 3 in 94% assay yield. While this intermediate could be crystallized from toluene/heptane, the crude reaction mixture was taken directly in a through -process conversion to the phthalazinone 5. To that end, removal of THF, MTBE, and residual 3-methylthiophene was accomplished through a distillative solvent switch into ethanol. The resulting solution of 3 was exposed to aqueous hydrazine at 80 °C. After 18 hours, the reaction was cooled and the precipitated product was filtered directly at 20 °C. This process provided 82.7 grams of 98.6 wt % thiophene-phthalazinone 5 in a weight-adjusted 85% yield over the two steps.

LCMS Method:

Samples were run on a Agilent model- 1100 LC-MSD system with an Agilent Technologies XDB-C₈ (3.5 μ) reverse phase column (4.6 x 75 mm) at 30 °C. The flow rate was constant and ranged from about 0.75 mL/min to about 1.0 mL/min.

The mobile phase used a mixture of solvent A (H₂O/0.1% HO Ac) and solvent B

(AcCN/O.1 HOAc) with a 9 min time period for a gradient from 10%> to 90%> solvent B. The gradient was followed by a 0.5 min period to return to 10% solvent B and a 2.5 min 10% solvent B re-equilibration (flush) of the column.

Other methods may also be used to synthesize AMG 900. Many synthetic chemistry transformations, as well as protecting group methodologies, useful in synthesizing AMG 900, are known in the art. Useful organic chemical transformation literature includes, for example, R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers (1989); T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3^rd edition, John Wiley and Sons (1999); L. Fieser and M. Fieser, Fieser and Fieser’s Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1994); A. Katritzky and

A. Pozharski, Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2^nd edition (2001); M. Bodanszky, A. Bodanszky, The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, Springer- Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg (1984); J. Seyden-Penne, Reductions by the Alumino- and Borohydrides in Organic Synthesis, 2^nd edition, Wiley- VCH, (1997); and L. Paquette, editor, Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1995).

AMG 900 was tested for its ability to reduce or inhibit tumor progression in various cell lines (in-vitro) and multiple solid tumor types (in-vivo), some of which have previously been exposed to and developed resistance to standard-of-care antimitotic agents, including taxanes and vinca alkaloids, as well as to other chemotherapeutic agents. The following Examples and resulting data will illustrate the ability of AMG 900 to treat cancer, including cancer resistant to the presently standard-of-care therapies, including antimitotic agents, such as paclitaxel, and other drugs used in conjunction with chemotherapy, such as doxorubicin. Unless otherwise indicated, the free base form of AMG 900 was used in the Examples described hereinbelow.

The following Examples describe the efforts of identifying and characterizing various crystalline solid state forms of various salts of AMG 900. Some attempts at forming a solid state crystalline form of a given salt failed, as shown in table 1 hereinbelow. To this end, synthesizing and/or forming &isolating a crystalline solid state form of AMG 900 was not, in any way, straightforward or routine. Rather, the ability to prepare and identify a crystalline solid state form of AMG 900 depended upon the particular salt of AMG 900 and/or the crystallization conditions employed.

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2015), 58(13), 5189-5207

Discovery of N-(4-(3-(2-Aminopyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazin-1-amine (AMG 900), A Highly Selective, Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Aurora Kinases with Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cell Lines

^†Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ^‡Pharmaceutical Research and Development, ^§Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ^∥Molecular Structure, and ^⊥Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States

J. Med. Chem., 2015, 58 (13), pp 5189–5207

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00183

*Phone: 617-444-5041. E-mail: MeyerS@amgen.com.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00183

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Abstract

Efforts to improve upon the physical properties and metabolic stability of Aurora kinase inhibitor14a revealed that potency against multidrug-resistant cell lines was compromised by increased polarity. Despite its high in vitro metabolic intrinsic clearance, 23r (AMG 900) showed acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and robust pharmacodynamic activity. Projecting from in vitro data to in vivo target coverage was not practical due to disjunctions between enzyme and cell data, complex and apparently contradictory indicators of binding kinetics, and unmeasurable free fraction in plasma. In contrast, it was straightforward to relate pharmacokinetics to pharmacodynamics and efficacy by following the time above a threshold concentration. On the basis of its oral route of administration, a selectivity profile that favors Aurora-driven pharmacology and its activity against multidrug-resistant cell lines, 23r was identified as a potential best-in-class Aurora kinase inhibitor. In phase 1 dose expansion studies with G-CSF support, 23r has shown promising single agent activity.

N-(4-(3-(2-Aminopyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazin-1-amine (23r)

Applying similar SNAr conditions as for 23b, reaction of 22r and 20a in 2-butanol provided the title compound (2.08 g, 49%) as an off-white solid; mp (DSC) 216 °C.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.36 (s, 1 H) 8.64–8.69 (m, 1 H) 8.41–8.44 (m, 1 H) 8.36–8.40 (m, 1 H) 8.35 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H) 8.23 (dd, J = 4.8, 2.0 Hz, 1 H) 8.00–8.10 (m, 2 H) 7.91–7.97 (m, 2 H) 7.52 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1 H) 7.26–7.33 (m, 3 H) 7.16–7.22 (m, 2 H) 6.74 (br s, 2 H) 2.34 (br s, 3 H).

¹³C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 163.81, 160.72, 160.67, 158.68, 151.64, 148.50, 148.36, 147.14, 139.86, 139.24, 137.72, 137.10, 132.61, 131.74, 130.24, 125.27, 124.89, 122.92, 122.83, 122.44, 121.56, 121.52, 119.11, 118.23, 109.93, 15.6

HRMS m/z [M + H]⁺ Calcd for C₂₈H₂₁N₇OS: 504.1601. Found: 504.1607.

Table 1. Aurora Kinase Inhibitors with Known Structures That Have Entered Clinical Trials

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00183

ID, compd name	AK^a	AK cell assay^b	(nM)	most potently inhibited non-AKs (nM)^c [total kinases in panel]	admin route
1 (MK-0457/VX-680/tozasertib)(7)	A/B	MDA-MB-231 p-HH3(12)	43	FLT3 (6), PLK4 (9), ABL (13), MLCK (15), RET (28); [317](16)	IV
2 (PHA-739358/danusertib)(8)	A/B	MDA-MB-231 p-HH3(12)	49	ABL (25), RET (31), TrkA (31), FGFR1 (47); [35](17)	IV
3a(AZD1152/barasertib)^d^,(9)	B	MDA-MB-231 p-HH3(12)	16	FLT3 (8), cKIT (17), PDGFRA (38), PDGFRB (41), RET (80); [317](16)	IV
4 (AT9283)(18)	A/B	HCT-116 DNA ploidy	∼30	JAK2 (1), JAK3 (1) Abl (T315I) (4), 9 others ≤10 nM; [230]	IV
5 (SNS-314)(19)	A/B	HCT-116 DNA ploidy(20)	9	TrkB (5), TrkA (12), FLT4 (14), Fms (15), DDR2 (82), Axl (84); [219]	IV
6 (GSK1070916)(21)	B	HCT-116 p-HH3(22)	20	FLT1 (42), TIE2 (59), SIK (70), FLT4 (74), FGFR (78); [328](22)	IV
7 (ENMD-2076)(23)	A	HCT-116 p-AurA	130	FLT3 (2), RET (10), FLT4 (16), SRC (20), TrkA (24), Fms (25); [100]	PO
8 (CYC116)(24)	A/B	A549 p-HH3	480	VEGFR2 (44), FLT3 (44), CDK2 (390); [23]	PO
9 (ABT-348)(25)	A/B	HCT-116 p-HH3	21	VEGFR1 (1), FLT3 (1), VEGFR2 (2), CSF-1R (3), PDGFR-α (11); [128]	PO
10 (AS703569/R763)(26)	A/B	A549 p-HH3	14	cell-based assays: VEGFR2 (11), FLT3 (27), AMPK (201); [10]	PO
11 (PF-03814735)(27)	A/B	MDA-MB-231 p-HH3	∼50	FLT1 (10), FAK (22), TrkA (30), 17 others ≥90% inh@100 nM; [220]	PO
12 (MK-5108)(28)	A	HeLa S3 ↑p-HH3+ cells	<1000	TrkA (2), ABL (8), FLT4 (12), TrkB (13), VEGFR2 (30); [233]	PO
13a (MLN8054)(29)	A	HCT-116 p-AurA	34	DRAK2 (8), BLK (68), DRAK1 (190), FGR (220); [317](16)	PO
13b (MLN8237/alisertib)(30)	A	HeLa p-AurA	7	%inh@1 μM: EphA2 (111), FGR (97), CAMK2A (95), EphA4 (94); [220]	PO

AK = Aurora kinase family member(s) inhibited (AurA and/or AurB; AurC potency not listed).

Cell line; substrate or phenotype detected.

Kinase activities of greatest potency listed in published literature.

Listed enzyme and cellular potency data is for 3b, the parent of prodrug 3a.

References on AMG 900

[1]. Payton M, et al. Preclinical evaluation of AMG 900, a novel potent and highly selective pan-aurora kinase inhibitor with activity in taxane-resistant tumor cell lines. Cancer Res, 2010, 70(23), 9846-9854.

[2]. Huang L, et al. In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic characterizations of AMG 900, an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of aurora kinases. Xenobiotica. 2011 May;41(5):400-8.

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///////////945595-80-2, AMG 900, aurora kinase (ARK) inhibitor, treatment of leukemia and solid tumours, AMGEN, 2014, orphan drug designation, U.S. for the treatment of ovarian cancer

CC1=CSC(=C1)C2=NN=C(C3=CC=CC=C32)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC=N5)C6=NC(=NC=C6)N

GSK-2881078

phase 1, Uncategorized Comments Off

Jun 142016

GSK-2881078

(R)-1-[1-(Methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile

(R)-1 -(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)indoline-5-carbonitrile

A selective androgen receptor modulator potentially for the treatment of cachexia.

Inventors	Philip Stewart Turnbull, Rodolfo Cadilla
Applicant	Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property (No.2) Limited

CAS Number	1539314-06-1
Chemical Name	GSK-2881078
Synonyms	GSK-2881078
Molecular Formula	C14H13NF3N2O2S
Formula Weight	330.33

Originator GlaxoSmithKline
Mechanism of Action Selective androgen receptor modulators

Phase I Cachexia

Most Recent Events

03 Sep 2015 GlaxoSmithKline initiates enrolment in a phase I trial for Cachexia (In volunteers) in USA (NCT02567773)
01 Mar 2015 GlaxoSmithKline completes a phase I trial in Cachexia (In volunteers) in USA (NCT02045940)
31 Jan 2014 Phase-I clinical trials in Cachexia (In volunteers) in USA (PO)

GSK2881078 is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) that is being evaluated for effects on muscle growth and strength in subjects with muscle wasting to improve their physical function. Part A of this study will evaluate the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of GSK2881078 in healthy, older men and post-menopausal women who will take daily dosing for 28 days and be followed for a total of 70 days. Part B of this study will characterize the effect of Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition on the GSK2881078 pharmacokinetics. Part B will only be conducted if safe and efficacious dose is identified in Part A. Part A will include healthy older males and post-menopausal females; and randomize approximately 60 subjects (about 15 per cohort [4 cohorts]) to complete approximately 48 (about 12 per cohort). Part B will enroll one cohort of approximately 15 healthy male subjects to complete approximately 12. The study duration will be approximately 115 days for Part A and 122 days for Part B.

Steroidal nuclear receptor (NR) ligands are known to play important roles in the health of both men and women. Testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are endogenous steroidal ligands for the androgen receptor (AR) that appear to play a role in every tissue type found in the mammalian body. During the development of the fetus, androgens play a role in sexual differentiation and development of male sexual organs. Further sexual development is mediated by androgens during puberty. Androgens play diverse roles in the adult, including stimulation and maintenance of male sexual accessory organs and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. Cognitive function, sexuality, aggression, and mood are some of the behavioral aspects mediated by androgens. Androgens have a physiologic effect on the skin, bone, and skeletal muscle, as well as blood, lipids, and blood cells (Chang, C. and Whipple, G. Androgens and Androgen Receptors. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Boston, MA, 2002)

Many clinical studies with testosterone have demonstrated significant gains in muscle mass and function along with decreases in visceral fat. See, for example,

Bhasin (2003) S. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 58:1002-8, and Ferrando, A. A. et al. (2002) Am. J. Phys. Endo. Met. 282: E601-E607. Androgen replacement therapy (ART) in men improves body composition parameters such as muscle mass, strength, and bone mineral density (see, for example, Asthana, S. et al. (2004) J. Ger, Series A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 59: 461 -465). There is also evidence of improvement in less tangible parameters such as libido and mood. Andrologists and other specialists are increasingly using androgens for the treatment of the symptoms of androgen deficiency. ART, using T and its congeners, is available in transdermal, injectable, and oral dosage forms. All current treatment options have contraindications (e.g., prostate cancer) and side-effects, such as increased hematocrit, liver toxicity, and sleep apnoea. Side-effects from androgen therapy in women include: acne, hirsutism, and lowering of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, a notable side-effect also seen in men.

Agents that could selectively afford the benefits of androgens and greatly reduce the side-effect profile would be of great therapeutic value. Interestingly, certain NR ligands are known to exert their action in a tissue selective manner (see, for example, Smith et al. (2004) Endoc. Rev. 2545-71 ). This selectivity stems from the particular ability of these ligands to function as agonists in some tissues, while having no effect or even an antagonist effect in other tissues. The term “selective receptor modulator” (SRM) has been given to these molecules. A synthetic compound that binds to an intracellular receptor and mimics the effects of the native hormone is referred to as an agonist. A compound that inhibits the effect of the native hormone is called an antagonist. The term “modulators” refers to compounds that have a spectrum of activities ranging from full agonism to partial agonism to full antagonism.

SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators) represent an emerging class of small molecule pharmacotherapeutics that have the potential to afford the important benefits of androgen therapy without the undesired side-effects. Many SARMs with demonstrated tissue-selective effects are currently in the early stages of development See, for example, Mohler, M. L. et al. (2009) J. Med. Chem. 52(12): 3597-617. One notable SARM molecule, Ostarine™, has recently completed phase I and II clinical studies. See, for example, Zilbermint, M. F. and Dobs, A. S. (2009) Future Oncology 5(8):121 1-20. Ostarine™ appears to increase total lean body mass and enhance functional performance. Because of their highly-selective anabolic properties and demonstrated androgenic-sparing activities, SARMs should be useful for the prevention and/or treatment of many diseases in both men and women, including, but not limited to sarcopenia, cachexias (including those associated with cancer, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and end stage renal disease (ESRD), urinary incontinence, osteoporosis, frailty, dry eye and other conditions associated with aging or androgen deficiency. See, for example, Ho et al. (2004) Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 16:405-9; Albaaj et al. (2006) Postgrad Med J 82:693-6; Caminti et al. (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol. 54(10):919-27; lellamo et al. (2010) J Am Coll Cardiol. 56(16): 1310-6; Svartberg (2010) Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 17(3):257-61 , and Mammadov et al. (201 1 ) Int Urol Nephrol 43:1003-8. SARMS also show promise for use in promoting muscle regeneration and repair (see, for example, Serra et al. (Epub 2012 Apr 12)

doi:10.1093/Gerona/gls083),in the areas of hormonal male contraception and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and in wound healing (see, for example, Demling (2009) ePIasty 9:e9).

Preclinical studies and emerging clinical data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SARMs to address the unmet medical needs of many patients. The demonstrated advantages of this class of compounds in comparison with steroidal androgens (e.g. , tissue-selective activity, oral administration, AR selectivity, and lack of androgenic effect) position SARMs for a bright future of therapeutic applications.

Although amorphous forms of SARMs may be developed for some uses, compounds having high crystallinity are generally preferred for pharmaceutical use due to their improved solubility and stability. Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for crystalline form of SARMs for therapeutic use.

Patent

WO 2015110958

EXAMPLES

Example 1 – Synthesis of (R)-1 -(1 -(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)- -indole-5-carbonitrile

(R)-1 -(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)^-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile

Method 1 :

A. (R)-1 -(Methylthio)propan-2 -amine

Step 1

To a solution of commercially available (R)-2-aminopropan-1 -ol (5 g, 66.6 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL), in an ice bath, is added very slowly, dropwise, chlorosulfonic acid (4.46 mL, 66.6 mmol) (very exothermic). The reaction mixture is kept in the cold bath for ~10 min, and then at rt for ~ 30 min. After stirring for another ~ 10 minutes, the solids are collected by filtration, washed sequentially with MeCN (40 mL) and hexanes (100 mL), and dried by air suction for ~ 40 min. to produce the intermediate ((R)-2-aminopropyl hydrogen sulfate.

Step 2:

To a solution of sodium thiomethoxide (5.60 g, 80 mmol) in water (20 mL) is added solid NaOH (2.66 g, 66.6 mmol) in portions over ~ 10 min. Then the intermediate from step 1 is added as a solid over ~ 5 min. The mixture is then heated at 90 °C for ~10 h. The reaction mixture is biphasic. Upon cooling, MTBE (20 mL) is added, and the organic phase (brownish color) is separated. The aqueous phase is extracted with MTBE (2 x 20 mL). The original organic phase is washed with 1 N NaOH (15 mL). The basic aqueous phase is re-extracted with MTBE (2 x 20 mL). All the ether phases are combined, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered, and concentrated (carefully, since the product is volatile) to afford the crude product as a light yellow oil.

Method 2

(R)-1-(methylthio)propan-2 -amine hydrochloride

A. (R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)propyl methanesulfonate

Step 1

Commercially available (R)-2-aminopropan-1 -ol (135 g, 1797 mmol) is dissolved in MeOH 1350 mL). The solution is cooled to 5°C with an icebath, then Boc₂0 (392 g, 1797 mmol) is added as a solution in MeOH (1000 mL). The reaction temperature is kept below 10°C. After the addition, the cooling bath is removed, and the mixture is stirred for 3 h. The MeOH is removed under vacuum (rotavap bath: 50°C). This material is used as is for the next step.

Step 2

The residue is dissolved in CH₂CI₂ (1200 mL) and NEt₃ (378 mL, 2717 mmol) is added, then the mixture is cooled on an ice bath. Next, MsCI (166.5 mL, 2152 mmol) is added over ~2 h, while keeping the reaction temperature below 15°C. The mixture is stirred in an icebath for 1 h then the bath was removed. The mixture is stirred for 3 d, then washed with a 10% NaOH solution (500 mL 3 x), then with water. The organic phase is dried with MgS0₄, filtered, then stripped off (rota, 50°C waterbath. The impure residue is dissolved in a mix of 500mL EtOAc (500 mL) and MTBE (500 mL) and then extracted with water to remove all water-soluble salts. The organic phase is dried with MgS0₄, filtered, then stripped off to afford a white solid residue.

B. (R)-tert-Butyl (1 -(methylthio)propan-2-yl)carbamate

NaSMe (30 g, 428 mmol) is stirred with DMF (200 mL) to afford a suspension. Next, (R)-2-((tertbutoxycarbonyl)amino)propyl methanesulfonate (97 g, 383 mmol) is added portionwise while the temperature is kept below 45°C (exothermic). After the addition, the mixture is stirred for 2 h, then toluene (100 mL) is added. The mixture is washed with water (500 mL, 4 x), then dried with MgS0₄, and filtered. The filtrate is stripped off (rotavap) to a pale yellow oil.

C. (R)-1 -(Methylthio)propan-2 -amine hydrochloride

Acetyl chloride (150 mL,) is added to a stirred solution of MeOH (600 mL) cooled with an icebath. The mixture is stirred for 30 min in an icebath, then added to (R)-tert-butyl (1 -(methylthio)propan-2-yl)carbamate (78 g, 380 mmol). The mixture is stirred at rt for 2 h, (C0₂, (CH₃)₂C=CI-l2 evolution) and then stripped off to a white solid.

D. 4-Fluoro-3-iodo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile

To a freshly prepared solution of LDA (1 19 mmol) in anhyd THF (250 mL) at -45°C is added a solution of commercially available 4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (21 .5 g, 1 14 mmol) in THF (30 mL), dropwise at a rate such that the internal temperature remained < -40°C (became dark brown during addition). The mixture is stirred 30 min at -45°C, cooled to -70°C and iodine (31 .7 g, 125 mmol) is added in one portion (-70°C→ -52°C). The mixture is stirred for 1 h, removed from the cooling bath and quenched by addition of 10% Na₂S₂0₃ (ca. 250 mL) and 1 N HCI (ca. 125 mL). The mixture is extracted with EtOAc (x3). Combined organics are washed (water, brine), dried over Na₂S0₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by low pressure liquid chromatography (silica gel, EtOAc / hexanes, gradient elution) followed by

recrystallization from heptane (30 mL), twice, affording 4-fluoro-3-iodo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (15.79 g, 50.1 mmol, 44.1 % yield) as a pale yellow solid.

E. 4-Fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzonitrile

A 20 mL vial is charged with 4-fluoro-3-iodo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile,(0.315 g, 1 .00 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₂CI₂ (0.014 g, 0.020 mmol) and Cul (0.0076 g, 0.040 mmol), and sealed with a rubber septum. Anhyd PhMe (5 mL) and DIPA (0.210 mL, 1 .500 mmol) are added via syringe and the mixture is degassed 10 min by sparging with N₂while immersed in an ultrasonic bath. Ethynyltrimethylsilane (0.155 mL, 1 .100 mmol) is added dropwise via syringe and the septum is replaced by a PTFE-faced crimp top. The mixture is stirred in a heating block at 60°C. Upon cooling the mixture is diluted with EtOAc and filtered through Celite. The filtrate is washed (satd NH₄CI, water, brine), dried over Na₂S0₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by low pressure liquid chromatography (silica gel, EtOAc / hexanes, gradient elution) affording 4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzonitrile .

F. (R)-1 -(1 -(methylthio)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile

A mixture of 4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzonitrile (1 .16 g, 4.07 mmol), (R)-1 -(methylthio)propan-2-amine (0.599 g, 5.69 mmol) and DIEA (1 .42 mL, 8.13 mmol) in DMSO (7 mL) is heated (sealed tube) at 100°C for 50 min. Upon cooling, the reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and washed with water (30 mL). The organic phase is washed with water and brine, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated to give the intermediate aniline. This intermediate is dissolved in NMP (7 mL), treated with KOtBu (1 M in THF) (5.69 mL, 5.60 mmol) and heated at 50°C. The reaction is monitored by LCMS, and deemed complete after 40 min. Upon cooling, the reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc (40 mL) and washed with water (30 mL). The organic phase is washed with more water and brine, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue is chromatographed over silica gel using a 5-40% EtOAc-hexane gradient to give the thioether intermediate:

G. (R)-1 -(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile

To an ice-cold solution of (R)-1 -(1 -(methylthio)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.560 g, 1.88 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) is added a solution of Oxone (4.04 g, 6.57 mmol) in water (10 mL). After 50 min, the reaction mixture is diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic phase is washed with brine, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue is chromatographed over silica gel using 100% CH₂CI₂ to give (R)-1-(1 -(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-l H-indole-5-carbonitrile as a white foam that is crystallized from

CH₂CI₂/hexanes to afford a white solid.

Example 2- Preparation of crystalline form 1 of (R)-1 -(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)indoline-5-carbonitrile

(R)-1 -(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)indoline-5-carbonitrile (1 .74kg, 1wt) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (12.0 Kg, 6.9 wt) at 20-30°C. The solution was transferred into a clean reaction vessel via an in-line cartridge filter. The solution was concentrated to ~3.0-5.0 volumes under reduced pressure, keeping the temperature below 50°C. The solution was cooled to 20-30°C, and n-heptane (23.0 Kg, 13.2 wt) was added slowly over ~1 hour. The solution was stirred 1 -2 hrs at 20-30°C, heated to 50-55°C for 2-3 hours, cooled back to 20-30°C and stirred for 1 -2 hours. The slurry was sampled and analyzed by XRPD. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with n-heptane (1 .4 Kg, 0.8 wt), and dried in vacuo at 40-50 °C to provide crystalline

(R)-1 -(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)indoline-5-carbonitrile (1 .54 Kg, Form 1 ; 88.5 % yield, 99.5% purity) as a slightly colored solid.

Example 3- Preparation of crystalline form 2 of (R)-1 -(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)indoline-5-carbonitrile

Crude (R)-1 -(1 -(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)indoline-5-carbonitrile (1 .54 g [theoretical], 1 wt) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5mL, 3.25 vol) and loaded onto a 12-g ISCO column (Si0₂). The column was eluted with DCM (-500 mL, 325 vol) and the product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was triturated in n-heptane. The solid was collected by filtration, air-dried, and placed under high vacuum for 3 h to provide GSK2881078A (1 .009 g, Form 2; 65.1 % yield, 100% AUC HPLC-UV) as a white solid.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2014013309A1?cl=en22

Example 26

1-(1-(Methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifiuoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized in a manner similar to Example 9 using 1-(1-(methylthio)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 25): MS (ESI): m/z 331 (MH+).

Example 27

(R)-1 -(1 -(Methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile

A. (R)-1-(Methylthio)propan-2-amine

Step l

To a solution of commercially available (R)-2-aminopropan-1-ol (5 g, 66.6 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL), in an ice bath, was added very slowly, dropwise, chlorosulfonic acid (4.46 mL, 66.6 mmol) (very exothermic). A gummy beige precipitate formed. The reaction mixture was kept in the cold bath for -10 min, and then at rt for ~ 30 min. The reaction mixture was scratched with a spatula to try to solidify the gummy precipitate. After a few minutes, a beige solid formed. After stirring for another ~ 10 minutes, the solids were collected by filtration, washed sequentially with MeCN (40 mL) and hexanes (100 mL), and dried by air suction for ~ 40 min. The intermediate ((R)-2-aminopropyl hydrogen sulfate, weighed 0.46 g (~ 96% yield).

Step 2:

To a solution of sodium thiomethoxide (5.60 g, 80 mmol) in water (20 mL) was added solid NaOH (2.66 g, 66.6 mmol) in portions over – 10 min. Then the intermediate from step 1 was added as a solid over ~ 5 min. The mixture was then heated at 90 °C for -10 h. The reaction mixture was biphasic. Upon cooling, MTBE (20 mL) was added, and the organic phase (brownish color) was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with MTBE (2 x 20 mL). The original organic phase is washed with 1 NaOH (15 mL) (this removes most of the color). The basic aqueous phase was re-extracted with MTBE (2 x 20 mL). All the ether phases are combined, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered, and

concentrated (carefully, since the product is volatile) to afford the crude product as a light yellow oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-cf₆) δ 2.91-2.87 (m, 1 H), 2.43-2.31 (m, 2 H), 2.04 (s, 3 H), 1.50 (bs, 2 H), 1.01 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3 H).

Alternative synthesis of example 27A:

(R)-1 -(Methylthio)propan-2 -amine hydrochloride

A. (R)-2-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)propyl methanesulfonate

Step 1

Commercially available (R)-2-aminopropan-1-ol (135 g, 1797 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH 1350 mL). The solution was cooled to 5°C with an icebath, then Boc₂0 (392 g, 1797 mmol) was added as a solution in MeOH (1000 mL). The reaction temperature was kept below 10°C. After the addition, the cooling bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred for 3 h. The MeOH was removed under vacuum (rotavap bath: 50°C). The resulting residue was a colorless oil that solidified overnight to a white solid. This material was used as is for the next step.

Step 2

The residue was dissolved in CH₂CI₂ (1200 mL) and NEt₃ (378 mL, 2717 mmol) was added, then the mixture was cooled on an ice bath. Next, MsCI (166.5 mL, 2152 mmol) was added over ~2 h, while keeping the reaction temperature below 15°C. The mixture was stirred in an icebath for 1 h then the bath was removed. The mixture was stirred for 3 d, then washed with a 10% NaOH solution (500 mL 3 x), then with water. The organic phase was dried with MgS0 , filtered, then stripped off (rota, 50°C waterbath. The impure residue was dissolved in a mix of 500mL EtOAc (500 mL) and MTBE (500 mL) and then, extracted with water to remove all water-soluble salts.The organic phase was dried with MgS0₄, filtered, then stripped off to afford a white solid residue: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d_s) δ 6.94-6.92 (m, 1 H), 4.02 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.78-3.71 (m, 1 H), 3.16 (s, 3 H), 1.38 (s, 9 H), 1.06 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H).

B. (R)-tert-Butyl (1-(methylthio)propan-2-yl)carbamate

NaSMe (30 g, 428 mmol) was stirred with DMF (200 mL) to afford a suspension. Next, (R)-2-((tertbutoxycarbonyl)amino)propyl methanesulfonate (97 g, 383 mmol) was added

portionwise while the temperature was kept below 45°C (exothermic).. After the addition, the mixture was stirred for 2 h, then toluene (100 ml_) was added. The mixture was washed with water (500 ml_, 4 x), then dried with MgS0₄, and filtered. The filtrate was stripped off (rotavap) to a pale yellow oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 6.77-6.75 (m, 1 H), 3.60-3.54 (m, 1 H), 2.54-2.50 (m, 1 H), 2.43-2.38 (m, 1 H), 2.05 (s, 3 H), 1.38 (s, 9 H), 1.08 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 3 H).

C. (R)-1-(Methylthio)propan-2-amine hydrochloride

Acetyl chloride (150 mL,) was added to a stirred solution of MeOH (600 mL) cooled with an icebath. The mixture was stirred for 30 min in an icebath, then added to (R)-tert-butyl (1-(methylthio)propan-2-yl)carbamate (78 g, 380 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h, (C0₂, (CH₃)₂C=CH₂ evolution) and then stripped off to a white solid: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.22 (bs, 3 H), 3.36-3.29 (m, 1 H), 2.80-2.75 (m, 1 H), 2.64-2.59 (m, 1 H (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3 H).

D. (R)-1 -(1 -(Methylthio)propan-2-yl)-4-(trif luoromethy l)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile

A mixture of 4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzonitrile (Example 21 D,1.16 g, 4.07 mmol), (R)-1-(methylthio)propan-2-amine (0.599 g, 5.69 mmol) and DIEA (1.42 mL, 8.13 mmol) in DMSO (7 mL) was heated (sealed tube) at 100°C for 50 min. Upon cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and washed with water (30 mL). The organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated to give the intermediate aniline. This intermediate was dissolved in NMP (7 mL), treated with KOtBu (1 M in THF) (5.69 mL, 5.60 mmol) and heated at 50°C. The reaction was monitored by LCMS, and deemed complete after 40 min. Upon cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (40 mL) and washed with water (30 mL). The organic phase was washed with more water and brine, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed over silica

gel using a 5-40% EtOAc-hexane gradient to give the thioether intermediate: MS (ESI):

E. (R)-1-(1-(Methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile

To an ice-cold solution of (R)-1-(1-(methylthio)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.560 g, 1.88 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added a solution of Oxone (4.04 g, 6.57 mmol) in water (10 mL). After 50 min, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel using 100% CH₂CI₂ to give (R)-1-(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-l H-indole-5-carbonitrile as a white foam that was crystallized from CH₂CI₂/hexanes to afford a white solid (0.508 g, 79% yield): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.17 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.12 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.81 (d, J – 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.87-6.84 (m, 1 H), 5.43-5.35 (m, 1 H), 4.01 (dd, J = 14.8, 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.83 (dd, J = 14.8, 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.77 (s, 3 H), 1.59 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H); MS (ESI): m/z 331 (M+H).

Philip Turnbull

Director of Chemistry

https://www.linkedin.com/in/philip-turnbull-21266a8

Experience

Director of Chemistry

Receptos, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Celgene

June 2015 – Present (1 year 1 month)Greater San Diego Area

Director

GSK

April 2010 – June 2015 (5 years 3 months)RTP

Section Head

GSK

April 2007 – April 2010 (3 years 1 month)RTP

Group Manager

GlaxoSmithKline

April 2003 – April 2007 (4 years 1 month)RTP

Investigator

GSK

June 1998 – April 2003 (4 years 11 months)RTP

Research Associate

Biophysica Foundation

February 1988 – September 1991 (3 years 8 months)La Jolla, Ca

Education

The Scripps Research Institute

post doc, Organic chemistry

1996 – 1998

University of California, Irvine

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Organic synthesis

1991 – 1996

////////GSK-2881078, 1539314-06-1, Phase 1, clinical trials, Cachexia , GlaxoSmithKline

GSK-2879552

phase 1, Uncategorized Comments Off

Jun 142016

GSK-2879552

CAS 1401966-69-5 (ABS), 1401966-63-9(REL)

C₂₃ H₂₈ N₂ O_2, 364.48

Benzoic acid, 4-[[4-[[[(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]amino]methyl]-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-

4-((4-((((lR,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoic acid

4-[[4-[[[(1R,2S)-2-Phenylcyclopropyl]amino]methyl]-1-piperidinyl]methyl]benzoic acid
4-[[4-[[((1R,2S)-2-Phenylcyclopropyl)amino]methyl]piperidin-1-yl]methyl]benzoic acid

4-((4-((((1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid

Glaxosmithkline Llc INNOVATOR

Neil W. Johnson, Jiri Kasparec, William Henry Miller, Meagan B. Rouse, Dominic Suarez, Xinrong Tian,

A LSD1 inhibitor potentially for the treatment of small cell lung cancer and acute myeloid leukemia.

GSK2879552 is an orally available, irreversible, inhibitor of lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, GSK2879552 binds to and inhibits LSD1, a demethylase that suppresses the expression of target genes by converting the dimethylated form of lysine at position 4 of histone H3 (H3K4) to mono- and unmethylated H3K4. LSD1 inhibition enhances H3K4 methylation and increases the expression of tumor-suppressor genes. This may lead to an inhibition of cell growth in LSD1-overexpressing tumor cells. LSD1, overexpressed in certain tumor cells, plays a key role in tumor cell growth and survival. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent.

GSK-2879552 chemical structure

Formula: C₂₃H₂₉ClN₂O₂
M.Wt: 400.94

GSK2879552, LSD1 Inhibitor

CAS 1902123-72-1

Molecular Weight:	437.41
Formula:	C₂₃H₂₈N₂O₂.2HCl

Chromatin modification plays an essential role in transcriptional regulation (T. Kouzarides, 2007, Cell 128: 693-705). These modifications, which include DNA methylation, histone acetylation and hsitone methylation, are disregulated in tumors. This epigenetic disregulation plays an important role in the silencing of tumor suppressors and overexpression of oncogenes in cancer (M. Esteller, 2008, N Engl J Med 358: 1148-59. P. Chi et al, 2010, Nat Rev Cane 10:457-469.). The enzymes that regulate histone methylation are the histone methyl transferases and the histone demethylases.

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSDl; also known as BHC110) is a histone lysine demethylase reported to demethylate H3K4mel/2 (Y. Shi et al, 2004, Cell 119: 941-953) and H3K9mel/2 (R. Schule et al.,2005, Nature 437: 436-439). LSDl is overexpressed in multiple human cancers, including prostate where it is associated with more frequent relapse (P. Kahl et al, 2006, Cane. Res. 66: 11341-11347), breast (J. Kirfel et al, 2010, Carcinogenesis 31: 512-520) neuroblastoma (J. Kirfel et al, 2009, Cane. Res. 69: 2065-2071. G. Sun et al, 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 28: 1997-2000). LSDl is essential for transcriptional regulation mediated by a number of nuclear hormone receptors, including androgen receptor in prostate cancer (R. Schuele et al, 2005, Nature 437: 436-439. R. Schuele et al, 2007, Nat. Cell Biol. 9: 347-353. R. Schuele et al, 2010, Nature 464: 792-796), estrogen receptor in breast carcinomas (M.G. Rosenfeld et al, 2007, Cell 128: 505-518), and TLX receptor in neuorblastoma (S. Kato et al, 2008, Mol. Cell. Biol. 28: 3995-4003). These studies have shown that knockdown of LSDl expression results in decreased cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, LSDl is overexpressed in multiple cancer types that are nuclear hormone receptor-independent. Those tumors include ER-negative breast (J. Kirfel et al, 2010, Carcinogenesis 31: 512-520), small-cell lung, bladder, head & neck, colon, serous ovary, and kidney Wilm’s tumor. Therefore, potent selective small molecule inhibitors of LSDl may be useful for treatment of cancers that are nuclear hormone receptor-dependent and/or nuclear hormone receptor-independent.

The compositions and methods provided herein can potentially be useful for the treatment of cancer including tumors such as skin, breast, brain, cervical carcinomas, testicular carcinomas, etc. More particularly, cancers that may be treated by the compositions and methods of the invention include, but are not limited to tumor types such as astrocytic, breast, cervical, colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, hepatocellular, laryngeal, lung, oral, ovarian, prostate and thyroid carcinomas and sarcomas. More specifically, these compounds can potentially be used to treat: Cardiac: sarcoma (angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma), myxoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma, lipoma and teratoma; Lung: bronchogenic carcinoma (squamous cell, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell, adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, chondromatous hamartoma, mesothelioma; Gastrointestinal: esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma), stomach (carcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma), pancreas (ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid tumors, vipoma), small bowel (adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, Kaposi’s sarcoma, leiomyoma, hemangioma, lipoma, neurofibroma, fibroma), large bowel (adenocarcinoma, tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, hamartoma, leiomyoma); Genitourinary tract: kidney (adenocarcinoma, Wilm’s tumor

(nephroblastoma), lymphoma, leukemia), bladder and urethra (squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma), prostate (adenocarcinoma, sarcoma), testis (seminoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma, interstitial cell carcinoma, fibroma, fibroadenoma, adenomatoid tumors, lipoma); Liver: hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma), cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma,angiosarcoma, hepatocellular adenoma, hemangioma; Bone: osteogenic sarcoma(osteosarcoma), fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, malignant lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma), multiple myeloma, malignant giant cell tumor chordoma, osteochronfroma (osteocartilaginous exostoses), benign chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxofibroma, osteoid osteoma and giant cell tumors; Nervous system: skull (osteoma, hemangioma, granuloma, xanthoma, osteitis deformans), meninges (meningioma, meningiosarcoma, gliomatosis), brain (astrocytoma, meduUoblastoma, glioma, ependymoma, germinoma (pinealoma), glioblastoma multiform, oligodendroglioma, schwannoma, retinoblastoma, congenital tumors), spinal cord neurofibroma, meningioma, glioma, sarcoma); Gynecological: uterus (endometrial carcinoma), cervix (cervical carcinoma, pre -tumor cervical dysplasia), ovaries (ovarian carcinoma (serous cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, unclassified carcinoma), granulosa-thecal cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, dysgerminoma, malignant teratoma), vulva (squamous cell carcinoma, intraepithelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma), vagina (clear cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, botryoid sarcoma (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma), fallopian tubes

(carcinoma); Hematologic: blood (myeloid leukemia (acute and chronic), acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloproliferative diseases, multiple myeloma, myelodysplasia syndrome), Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (malignant lymphoma); Skin: malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, moles dysplastic nevi, lipoma, angioma, dermatofibroma, keloids, psoriasis; and Adrenal glands: neuroblastoma. Thus, the term “cancerous cell” as provided herein, includes a cell afflicted by any one of or related to the above identified conditions.

SYNTHESIS

GSK-2879552

PATENT

WO 2012135113

https://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2012135113A2?cl=en

Example 2

1 , 1 -Dimethylethyl 4-( { \( 1 R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl] amino I methyl)- 1 -piperidinecarboxylate

Following a procedure analogous to the procedure described in Example 1 using [(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]amine ((-) isomer) (94 mg, 0.703 mmol) afforded 1,1 -dimethylethyl 4-({[(lR,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]amino}methyl)-l-piperidinecarboxylate (92 mg, 0.264 mmol, 56.4 % yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 7.29 – 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.23 – 7.28 (m, 1H), 7.17 – 7.22 (m, 2H), 4.14 (d, J= 12.63 Hz, 2H), 3.14 (d, J = 7.07 Hz, 2H), 3.01 (dt, J= 4.14, 7.64 Hz, 1H), 2.81 (br. s., 2H), 2.53 (ddd, J= 3.54, 6.63, 10.29 Hz, 1H), 1.97 (ddd, 1H), 1.80 (d, J= 12.13 Hz, 2H), 1.55 (ddd, J= 4.29, 6.63, 10.55 Hz, 1H), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.36 – 1.45 (m, 1H), 1.23 (qd, J= 4.29, 12.38 Hz, 2H); LC-MS Rt = 0.78 min; MS (ESI): 331.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 6

[(lR,2S)-2-Phenylcyclopropyll(4-piperidinylmethyl)amine

Following a procedure analogous to the procedure described in Example 4 using 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-({[(lR,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]amino}methyl)-l-piperidinecarboxylate (Example 2, 60 mg, 0.182 mmol) afforded [(lR,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl](4-piperidinylmethyl)amine (41 mg, 0.146 mmol, 80 % yield)as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOLS) δ 7.29 – 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.23 – 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.18 – 7.23 (m, 2H), 3.47 (d, J= 13.39 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (d, 2H), 2.89 – 3.13 (m, 3H), 2.60 (ddd, J= 3.79, 6.57, 10.36 Hz, 1H), 2.13 – 2.28 (m, J= 3.85, 3.85, 7.61, 11.21 Hz, 1H), 1.99 – 2.13 (m, 2H), 1.49 – 1.71 (m, 3H), 1.35 – 1.48 (m, 1H); LC-MS Rt = 0.44 min; MS (ESI): 231.2

Example 26

4-((4-(((trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin- 1 -yl)methyl)benzoic acid

To the solution of 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl)-N-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)acetamide (200 mg, 0.613 mmol, Example l ib) and 4-(bromomethyl)benzoic acid (198 mg, 0.919 mmol) in acetonitrile (6 mL) was added potasium carbonate (254 mg, 1.838 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at the 90 °C. The reaction mixture was then filtered and evaporated. The crude oil was mixed with 10 mL of 10 % acetic acid and 10 mL of ethyl acetate. Layers were separated, and the organic layer was discharged. Aqueous layer was neutralized with 1 M Na₂C0₃, and the product was extracted into 10 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgS0₄, filtered and evaporated. The oil was dissolved in 6 ml of EtOH and 3 ml of 1 M NaOH. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 min, and then it was concentrated. The solution was then partioned between 2 ml of water and 5 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated and evaporated. The oil was purified on preparatory HPLC (2 to 10 % AcCN: H₂0 with 0.1 % formic acid modifier). The fractions were collected. To each

fraction was added 1 ml of 1 M HCl, and the fractions were evaporated to dryness. 4-((4-(((trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoic acid (50 mg, 0.118 mmol, 19.33 % yield) was isolated as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz,

METHANOLS) δ 8.16 (d, J= 8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (d, J= 8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.30 – 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.23 – 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, J= 7.33 Hz, 2H), 4.44 (br. s., 2H), 3.57 (d, J= 11.62 Hz, 2H), 3.07 – 3.27 (m, 4H), 3.04 (dt, J= 3.95, 7.52 Hz, 1H), 2.59 (ddd, J= 3.54, 6.57, 10.11 Hz, lH), 2.12 (d, J= 13.89 Hz, 3H), 1.54 – 1.81 (m, 3H), 1.42 (q, 1H); LC-MS Rt = 0.47 min; MS (ESI): 365.3 [M+H]⁺.

[M+H]⁺.

Example 29

4-((4-((((lR,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoic acid

Step 1.

tert-Butyl 4-((4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoate

tert-Butyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate (1 g, 3.13 mmol) and piperidin-4-ylmethanol (0.361 g, 3.13 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (25 mL). K₂CO₃ (1.300 g, 9.40 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature, filtered and evaporated. The resulting solid was partitioned between ethyl acetate (50mL) and 1 M HC1 (50 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate and the organic layers were discarded. The aqueous layer was basified with 8 M NaOH to pH -10 and extracted 2 times with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined, washed with brine and dried over MgSC^, filtered and evaporated. tert-Butyl 4-((4- (hydroxymethyl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoate (0.95 g, 2.99 mmol, 95 % yield) was isolated as yellow oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 7.95 (d, J= 8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.08 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 3.51 (d, J = 6.57 Hz, 2H), 2.90 (d, J= 11.37 Hz, 2H), 1.94 – 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.73 (d, J= 14.15 Hz, 2H), 1.61 (s, 9H), 1.40 – 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.30 – 1.37 (m, 2H); LC-MS Rt = 0.67 min; MS (ESI): 306.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2.

tert-Butyl 4-((4-formylpiperidin- 1 -yl)methyl)benzoate

To a solution of oxalyl chloride (0.408 mL, 4.67 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) at -60 °C was added a solution of DMSO (0.508 mL, 7.15 mmol) in 15 mL of dichloromethane over 30 minutes. The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes at -60 °C A solution of tert-butyl 4-((4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoate (950 mg, 3.11 mmol) in 5 mL of dichloromethane was added over 10 minutes at -60 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at – 60 °C, then triethylamine (2.168 mL, 15.55 mmol) was added and after 10 minutes 10 mL of water was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to the room temperature. The layers were separated. The pH of the water layer was adjusted to ~7 with 1 M HC1 and then extracted with 20 mL of dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, then dried over MgSO, filtered and evaporated. The resulting oil was purified on a silica column eluting with EtOAc to yield tert-butyl 4-((4-formylpiperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoate (550 mg, 1.722 mmol, 55.4 % yield) as a yellow oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 9.67 (d, J= 1.26 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J= 8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J= 8.34 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 2.75 – 2.92 (m, 2H), 2.21 – 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.14 (t, J= 10.48 Hz, 2H), 1.91 (dd, J= 2.78, 13.14 Hz, 2H), 1.65 – 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.58 – 1.64 (m, 9H); LC-MS Rt = 0.69 min; MS (ESI): 304.2

[M+H]⁺, 322.2 [M+H₂0]⁺, 336.6 [M+Na]⁺

Step 3.

tert-Butyl 4-((4-(((( 1 R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin- 1 -yl)methyl)benzoate

To a solution of tert-butyl 4-((4-formylpiperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoate (6.7 g, 22.08 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added (lR,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropanamine (3.53 g, 26.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 minutes then cooled down to the room temperature. Sodium cyanotrihydroborate (2.082 g, 33.1 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred 1 hour at room temperature. Water (50 mL) was added. The reaction was concentrated and 50 mL of dichloromethane was added. The layers were separated. The organics were washed with 10 % acetic acid (50 mL). The layers were separated and 50 mL of brine was added slowly as a solid crashed out. The solid was filtered and suspended in isopropanol. The suspension was sonicated and filtered. tert-Butyl 4-((4-(((( 1 R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin- 1 -yl)methyl)benzoate (5.8 g, 13.65 mmol, 61.8 % yield) was isolated as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz,

METHANOLS) δ 8.07 (d, J= 8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (d, J= 8.08 Hz, 2H), 7.28 – 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.10 – 7.28 (m, 3H), 4.43 (br. s., 2H), 3.54 (d, J= 10.86 Hz, 2H), 3.08 – 3.26 (m, 4H), 3.03 (dt, J= 3.76, 7.39 Hz, 1H), 2.54 – 2.71 (m, 1H), 2.03 – 2.29 (m, 3H), 1.67 – 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.58 – 1.67 (m, 10H), 1.40 (q, J = 6.82 Hz, lH); LC-MS Rt = 0.76 min; MS (ESI): 421.4 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4.

4-((4-((((lR,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoic acid

A suspension of tert-butyl 4-((4-((((lR,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoate (5.8 g, 13.79 mmol) in HCL – 1 M (80 ml, 80 mmol) was heated to 89 °C (internal temperature) for 2 hr. The solution was cooled down to the room temperature and held in an ice -bath for 1 hour and then filtered. 4-((4-((((lR,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin-l-yl)methyl)benzoic acid (3.8 g, 8.25 mmol, 59.8 % yield) was isolated as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 5 8.15 (d, J= 8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J= 8.59 Hz, 2H), 7.29 – 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.14 – 7.28 (m, 3H), 4.45 (br. s., 2H), 3.55 (d, J= 10.36 Hz, 2H), 3.07 – 3.29 (m, 4H), 3.04 (dt, J= 3.98, 7.71 Hz, 1H), 2.61 (ddd, J= 3.66, 6.57, 10.23 Hz, 1H), 1.98 – 2.31 (m, 3H), 1.72 (br. s., 2H), 1.62 (ddd, J= 4.42, 6.51, 10.55 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (q, J= 6.82 Hz, lH); LC-MS Rt = 0.49 min; MS (ESI): 365.3 [M+H]⁺.

Neil Johnson

US Lead of Chemistry Talent Development, External Engagement and Recruitment at GSK

https://www.linkedin.com/in/neil-johnson-6628894

Experience

US Lead of Chemistry Talent Development, External Engagement and Recruitment

GSK

March 2016 – Present (4 months)Greater Philadelphia Area

Manager

GSK

July 1999 – Present (17 years)

Investgator

GlaxoSmithKline

1999 – Present (17 years)

Senior Scientist

Cephalon

September 1994 – June 1999 (4 years 10 months)

Education

The Johns Hopkins University

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Organic Chemistry

1988 – 1994

Fort Lewis College

BS, Chemistry

1984 – 1988

///////////GSK-2879552, 1401966-63-9, , A LSD1 inhibitor, small cell lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, 1401966-69-5, 1902123-72-1

O=C(O)C1=CC=C(CN2CCC(CN[C@H]3[C@H](C4=CC=CC=C4)C3)CC2)C=C1

O=C(O)c1ccc(cc1)CN2CCC(CC2)CN[C@@H]4C[C@H]4c3ccccc3

GSK-2816126

phase 1, Uncategorized Comments Off

Jun 142016

GSK-2816126

N-[(1,2-Dihydro-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-3-methyl-1-[(1S)-1-methylpropyl]-6-[6-(1-piperazinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1H-indole-4-carboxamide, GSK 126, GSK 2816126, GSK 2816126A

N-[(4,6-Dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-3-methyl-1-((1S)-1-methylpropyl)-6-[6-(1-piperazinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1H-indole-4-carboxamide

Formula	C₃₁H₃₈N₆O₂
Formula Wt.	526.67

An histone-lysine n-methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor potentially for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.

Research Code GSK-2816126; GSK-126; 2816126

CAS No. 1346574-57-9

Originator GlaxoSmithKline
Class Antineoplastics
Mechanism of Action EZH2 enzyme inhibitors; Histone modulators

Phase I Diffuse large B cell lymphoma; Follicular lymphoma
Preclinical Acute myeloid leukaemia

Most Recent Events

31 Mar 2014 Phase-I clinical trials in Follicular lymphoma (Second-line therapy or greater) in USA and United Kingdom (IV)
31 Mar 2014 Phase-I clinical trials in Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (Second-line therapy or greater) in USA and United Kingdom (IV)
16 Jan 2014 Preclinical trials in Diffuse large B cell lymphoma & Follicular lymphoma in United Kingdom (IV)

GSK-126 is an inhibitor of mutant EZH2, a histone methyltransferase (HMT) that exhibits point mutations at key residues Tyr641 and Ala677; this compound does not appreciably affect WT EZH2. EZH2 is responsible for modulating expression of a variety of genes. GSK-126 competes with cofactor S-adenylmethionine (SAM) for binding to EZH2. GSK-126 displays anticancer chemotherapeutic activity by inhibiting proliferation in in vitro and in vivo models of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

SYNTHESIS

PATENT

CN 105541801

https://www.google.com/patents/CN105541801A?cl=zh

Example 79: Add (S) in a three-necked flask 100 Qiu – bromo – Shu – (isobutyl) – N – ((4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo -l, 2- dihydropyridin-3-yl) methyl) -3-methyl-1 hydrogen – indole carboxamide (365mg, 0.82mmol), 2- (piperazin-1-yl) pyridine-5-boronic acid pinacol ester (309mg, 1.07mmol, 1 · 3eq), potassium phosphate (522mg, 2.46mmol, 3eq), water, and I, 4- diepoxy-hexadecane as the solvent. Then, under nitrogen was added [I, Γ- bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II) dichloromethane complex (53.9mg, 0.066mmo 1), and at 90 ° C reaction, to give the desired product after purification 400mg (92% yield). Goo NMR (500MHz, DMSO- (I6) JO.70-0 · 78 (ιή, 3H), 1.37-1.44 (m, 4H), 1.75-1.87 (m, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.16 ( s, 3H), 2.22-2.27 (m, 3H), 2.77-2.85 (m, 4H), 3.41-3.49 (m, 4H), 4.35 (d, J = 5.31Hz, 2H), 4.56-4.68 (m, lH), 5.87 (s, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.84Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d J = 1.52Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, lH), 7.73 (d J = 1.26Hz, 1H) , 7.91 (dd, J = 8.84Hz, lH), 8.16 (t, J = 5.05Hz, lH), 8.50 (d, J = 2.53Hz, lH); 13C NMR (125MHz, DMSO- (I6) Sll .6 , 12.6,19.1, 19.9,21.7,30.4,35.9,46.3,46.9,52.4,107.6,108.2,108.5,110.6,116.9,122.6,123.8, 130.6,131.5,136.7,138.6,143.5,146.4,150.2,159.2,164.0 , 169.6.

PATENT

WO 2013067296

Examples 267 and 268

(S)-6-bromo-1 -(sec-butyl)-N-((4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3- methyl-1 H-indole-4-carboxamide (Ex 267) and (R)-6-Bromo-1 -(sec-butyl)-N-((4,6- dimethyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-methyl-1 H-indole-4-carboxamide (Ex 268)

6-Bromo-1-(sec-butyl)-N-((4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methy methyl-1 H-indole-4-carboxamide (racemic mixture, 1.9 g) was resolved by chiral HPLC (column : Chiralpak AD-H, 5 microns, 50 mm x 250 mm, UV detection :240 nM, flow rate: 100 mL/min, T = 20 deg C, eluent: 60:40:0.1 n-heptane:ethanol:isopropylamine

(isocratic)). For each run, 100 mg of the racemic compound was dissolved in 30 volumes (3.0 ml.) of warm ethanol with a few drops of isopropylamine added. A total of 19 runs were performed. Baseline resolution was observed for each run. The isomer that eluted at 8.3-10.1 min was collected (following concentration) as a white solid, which was dried at 50 °C (< 5 mm Hg) to afford 901 mg, and was determined to be the S isomer^* (Ex. 267; chiral HPLC: >99.5% ee (no R isomer detected). The isomer that eluted at 10.8-13.0 min was collected as a white solid, which was dried at 50 °C (< 5 mm Hg) to afford 865 mg, and was determined to be the R isomer^* (Ex. 268; chiral HPLC: 99.2% ee; 0.4% S isomer detected). ¹H NMR and LCMS were consistent with the parent racemate.

* The absolute configuration was determined by an independent synthesis of each enantiomer from the corresponding commercially available homochiral alcohols via Mitsunobu reaction. The sterochemical assignments were also consistent by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) analysis.

Example 269

1-(sec-butyl)-N-((4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-methyl-6-(6- (piperazin-1 -yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 -indole-4-carboxamide

Added sequentially to a reaction vial were 6-bromo-1 -(sec-butyl)-N-((4,6-dimethyl- 2-OXO-1 , 2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-methyl-1 H-indole-4-carboxamide (0.15 g, 0.338 mmol), 1-(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (0.127 g, 0.439 mmol), and potassium phosphate (tribasic) (0.287 g, 1.350 mmol), followed by 1 ,4- Dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.75 mL). The suspension was stirred under N₂ degassing for 10 min., and then added PdCI₂(dppf)-CH₂CI₂adduct (0.028 g, 0.034 mmol). The reaction vial was sealed, placed into a heat block at 95 °C, and stirred for 1.5 h. The contents were removed from heating and allowed to cool to room temperature. The aq layer was removed from bottom of the reaction vial via pipette. The reaction mixture was diluted into EtOAc (20 mL) followed by addition of 0.2 g each of Thiol-3 silicycle resin and silica gel. The volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue dried on hi-vac for 1 h. The contents were purified by silica gel chromatography (dry loaded, eluent : A:

Dichloromethane, B: 10% (2M Ammonia in Methanol) in Chloroform, Gradient B: 8- 95%). The obtained solid was concentrated from TBME and dried in vacuum oven at 45 °C for 18 h. The product was collected as 129 mg (70%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 0.73 (t, J=7.33 Hz, 3H), 1.40 (d, J=6.57 Hz, 3H), 1.80 (dq, J=10.07, 7.08 Hz, 2H), 2.1 1 (s, 3H), 2.14 – 2.19 (m, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.76 – 2.85 (m, 4H), 3.41 – 3.49 (m, 4H), 4.35 (d, J=5.05 Hz, 2H), 4.54 – 4.67 (m, 1 H), 5.87 (s, 1 H), 6.88 (d, J=8.84 Hz, 1 H), 7.17 (d, J=1.26 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (s, 1 H), 7.73 (d, J=1.26 Hz, 1 H), 7.91 (dd, J=8.84, 2.53 Hz, 1 H), 8.16 (t, J=5.05 Hz, 1 H), 8.50 (d, J=2.53 Hz, 1 H), 1 1.48 (br. s.,1 H) ; LCMS MH+ =527.3.

Example 270

A/-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-3-methyl-1 -[(1 S)-1 -methylpropyl]-6- [6-(1-piperazinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1 H-indole-4-carboxamide

To a 30 mL microwave vial were added (S)-6-bromo-1 -(sec-butyl)-N-((4,6- dimethyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-methyl-1 H-indole-4-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.225 mmol), 1 -(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (85 mg, 0.293 mmol), 1 ,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME) (3 mL), water (1.000 mL) and sodium carbonate (0.338 mL, 0.675 mmol), and the mixture was degassed for 5 min by bubbling nitrogen. PdCI₂(dppf)-CH₂CI₂ adduct (14.70 mg, 0.018 mmol) was added and the tube was sealed. The mixture was irradiated (microwave) at 140 °C for 10 min. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up into MeOH and filtered. The filtrate was purified using reverse-phase HPLC (eluent: 25%ACN/H₂0, 0.1 % NH₄OH to 60%

ACN/H₂0, 0.1 % NH₄OH ) to give 91 mg of product as off-white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 0.70 – 0.78 (m, 3H), 1.37 – 1.44 (m, 3H), 1 .75 – 1.87 (m, 2H), 2.1 1 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.22 – 2.27 (m, 3H), 2.77 – 2.85 (m, 4H), 3.41 – 3.49 (m, 4H), 4.35 (d, J=5.31 Hz, 2H), 4.56 – 4.68 (m, 1 H), 5.87 (s, 1 H), 6.88 (d, J=8.84 Hz, 1 H), 7.17 (d, J=1.52 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (s, 1 H), 7.73 (d, J=1.26 Hz, 1 H), 7.91 (dd, J=8.84, 2.53 Hz, 1 H), 8.16 (t, J=5.05 Hz, 1 H), 8.50 (d, J=2.53 Hz, 1 H); LCMS: 527.8 (MH+).

Example 271

A/-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-3-methyl-1 -[(1 /?)-1-methylpropyl]- 6-[6-(1 -piperazinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1 -indole-4-carboxamide

To a 30 mL microwave vial were added (R)-6-bromo-1-(sec-butyl)-N-((4,6- dimethyl-2-oxo-1 ,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-methyl-1 H-indole-4-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.225 mmol), 1 -(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (85 mg, 0.293 mmol), 1 ,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME) (3 mL), water (1.000 mL) and sodium carbonate (0.338 mL, 0.675 mmol), and the mixture was degassed for 5 min by bubbling nitrogen. PdCI₂(dppf)-CH₂Cl2 adduct (14.70 mg, 0.018 mmol) was added and the tube was sealed. The mixture was irradiated (microwave) at 140 °C for 10 min. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up into MeOH and filtered. The filtrate was purified using reverse-phase HPLC (eluent: 25%ACN/H₂0, 0.1 % NH₄OH to 60%

ACN/H₂0, 0.1 % NH₄OH ) to give 90 mg of product as off-white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 0.73 (m, 3H), 1.41 (d, J=6.57 Hz, 3H), 1.81 (td, J=7.14, 2.91 Hz, 2H), 2.1 1 (s, 3H), 2.15 – 2.20 (m, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.77 – 2.83 (m, 4H), 3.41 – 3.49 (m, 4H), 4.35 (d, J=5.05 Hz, 2H), 4.54 – 4.68 (m, 1 H), 5.87 (s, 1 H), 6.88 (d, J=8.84 Hz, 1 H), 7.17 (d, J=1.52 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (s, 1 H), 7.73 (d, J=1.26 Hz, 1 H), 7.91 (dd, J=8.84, 2.53 Hz, 1 H), 8.16 (t, J=5.05 Hz, 1 H), 8.50 (d, J=2.27 Hz, 1 H); LCMS: 527.7 (MH+)

PATENT

WO 2011140324

Example 270

N-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-3-methyl-l-[(15)-l-methylpropyl]-6-[6-(l-piperazinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-lH-indole-4-carboxamide

To a 30 niL microwave vial were added (S)-6-bromo-l-(sec-butyl)-N-((4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3 -methyl- lH-indole-4-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.225 mmol), l-(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (85 mg, 0.293 mmol), 1 ,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME) (3 mL), water (1.000 mL) and sodium carbonate (0.338 mL, 0.675 mmol), and the mixture was degassed for 5 min by bubbling nitrogen. PdCi₂(dppf)-CH₂Ci₂ adduct (14.70 mg, 0.018 mmol) was added and the tube was sealed. The mixture was irradiated (microwave) at 140 °C for 10 min. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up into MeOH and filtered. The filtrate was purified using reverse-phase HPLC (eluent: 25%ACN/H₂0, 0.1% NH₄OH to 60% ACN/H₂0, 0.1% NH₄OH ) to give 91 mg of product as off-white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 0.70 – 0.78 (m, 3H), 1.37 – 1.44 (m, 3H), 1.75 – 1.87 (m, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.22 – 2.27 (m, 3H), 2.77 – 2.85 (m, 4H), 3.41 – 3.49 (m, 4H), 4.35 (d, J=5.31 Hz, 2H), 4.56 – 4.68 (m, IH), 5.87 (s, IH), 6.88 (d, J=8.84 Hz, IH), 7.17 (d, J=1.52 Hz, IH), 7.26 (s, IH), 7.73 (d, J=1.26 Hz, IH), 7.91 (dd, J=8.84, 2.53 Hz, IH), 8.16 (t, J=5.05 Hz, IH), 8.50 (d, J=2.53 Hz, IH); LCMS: 527.8 (MH+).

Example 271

N-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-3-methyl-l-[(li?)-l-methylpropyl]-6-[6-(l-piperazinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-l -indole-4-carboxamide

To a 30 mL microwave vial were added (R)-6-bromo-l-(sec-butyl)-N-((4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3 -methyl- lH-indole-4-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.225 mmol), l-(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (85 mg, 0.293 mmol), 1 ,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME) (3 mL), water (1.000 mL) and sodium carbonate (0.338 mL, 0.675 mmol), and the mixture was degassed for 5 min by bubbling nitrogen. PdCl₂(dppf)-CH₂Cl₂ adduct (14.70 mg, 0.018 mmol) was added and the tube was sealed. The mixture was irradiated (microwave) at 140 °C for 10 min. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up into MeOH and filtered. The filtrate was purified using reverse-phase HPLC (eluent: 25%ACN/H₂0, 0.1% NH₄OH to 60% ACN/H₂0, 0.1% NH₄OH ) to give 90 mg of product as off-white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 0.73 (m, 3H), 1.41 (d, J=6.57 Hz, 3H), 1.81 (td, J=7.14, 2.91 Hz, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.15 – 2.20 (m, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.77 – 2.83 (m, 4H), 3.41 – 3.49 (m, 4H), 4.35 (d, J=5.05 Hz, 2H), 4.54 -4.68 (m, 1H), 5.87 (s, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.84 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=1.52 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=1.26 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (dd, J=8.84, 2.53 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (t, J=5.05 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=2.27 Hz, 1H); LCMS: 527.7 (MH+).

REF

Tian X, Zhang S, Liu HM, et al. Histone lysine-specific methyltransferases and demethylases in carcinogenesis: new targets for cancer therapy and prevention. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2013 Jun 10;13(5):558-79. PMID: 23713993.

McCabe MT, Ott HM, Ganji G, et al. EZH2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for lymphoma with EZH2-activating mutations. Nature. 2012 Dec 6;492(7427):108-12. PMID: 23051747.

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/////////GSK-2816126, GSK-126, 2816126, 1346574-57-9, GSK 126, GSK 126, GSK 2816126, GSK 2816126A

CC=5C=C(C)NC(=O)C=5CNC(=O)c1cc(cc2c1c(C)cn2[C@@H](C)CC)c3cnc(cc3)N4CCNCC4

GSK-2838232

phase 1, Uncategorized Comments Off

Jun 132016

GSK-2838232

4-(((3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aS)-3a-((R)-2-((3-chlorobenzyl)(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-1-isopropyl-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13,13a-octadecahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl)oxy)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid.

28-Norlup-18-en-21-one, 3-(3-carboxy-3-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-17-[(1R)-2-[[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl][2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-, (3β)-

Glaxosmithkline Llc INNOVATOR

Mark Andrew HATCHER, Brian Alvin Johns,Michael Tolar Martin, Elie Amine TABET, Jun Tang

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor potentially for the treatment of HIV infection.

GSK-2838232; GSK-8232; 2838232

CAS No. 1443460-91-0

C48H73ClN2O6,809.56

SYNTHESIS

PART 1

PART2

PART3

PART 4

AND UNWANTEDISOMER SHOWN BELOW

PART5

GSK2838232 is a novel human immune virus (HIV) maturation inhibitor being developed for the treatment of chronic HIV infection. GSK2838232 is a betulin derivative

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 ) leads to the contraction of acquired immune deficiency disease (AIDS). The number of cases of HIV continues to rise, and currently over twenty-five million individuals worldwide suffer from the virus. Presently, long-term suppression of viral replication with antiretroviral drugs is the only option for treating HIV-1 infection. Indeed, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved twenty-five drugs over six different inhibitor classes, which have been shown to greatly increase patient survival and quality of life.

However, additional therapies are still required because of undesirable drug-drug interactions; drug-food interactions; non-adherence to therapy; and drug resistance due to mutation of the enzyme target.

Currently, almost all HIV positive patients are treated with therapeutic regimens of antiretroviral drug combinations termed, highly active antiretroviral therapy (“HAART”). However, HAART therapies are often complex because a combination of different drugs must be administered often daily to the patient to avoid the rapid emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. Despite the positive impact of HAART on patient survival, drug resistance can still occur. The emergence of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 isolates has serious clinical consequences and must be suppressed with a new drug regimen, known as salvage therapy.

Current guidelines recommend that salvage therapy includes at least two, and preferably three, fully active drugs. Typically, first-line therapies combine three to four drugs targeting the viral enzymes reverse transcriptase and protease. One option for salvage therapy is to administer different combinations of drugs from the same mechanistic class that remain active against the resistant isolates.

However, the options for this approach are often limited, as resistant mutations frequently confer broad cross-resistance to different drugs in the same class.

Alternative therapeutic strategies have recently become available with the development of fusion, entry, and integrase inhibitors. However, resistance to all three new drug classes has already been reported both in the lab and in patients. Sustained successful treatment of HIV-1 -infected patients with antiretroviral drugs will therefore require the continued development of new and improved drugs with new targets and mechanisms of action.

Presently, long-term suppression of viral replication with antiretroviral drugs is the only option for treating HIV-1 infection. To date, a number of approved drugs have been shown to greatly increase patient survival. However, therapeutic regimens known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are often complex because a combination of different drugs must be administered to the patient to avoid the rapid emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. Despite the positive impact of HAART on patient survival, drug resistance can still occur.

The HIV Gag polyprotein precursor (Pr55Gag), which is composed of four protein domains – matrix (MA), capsid (CA), nucleocapsid (NC) and p6 – and two spacer peptides, SP1 and SP2, represents a new therapeutic target. Although the cleavage of the Gag polyprotein plays a central role in the progression of infectious virus particle production, to date, no antiretroviral drug has been approved for this mechanism.

In most cell types, assembly occurs at the plasma membrane, and the

MA domain of Gag mediates membrane binding. Assembly is completed by budding of the immature particle from the cell. Concomitant with particle release, the virally encoded PR cleaves Gag into the four mature protein domains, MA, CA, NC and p6, and the two spacer peptides, SP1 and SP2. Gag-Pol is also cleaved by PR, liberating the viral enzymes PR, RT and IN. Gag proteolytic processing induces a

morphological rearrangement within the particle, known as maturation. Maturation converts the immature, donut-shaped particle to the mature virion, which contains a condensed conical core composed of a CA shell surrounding the viral RNA genome in a complex with NC and the viral enzymes RT and IN. Maturation prepares the virus for infection of a new cell and is absolutely essential for particle infectivity.

Bevirimat (PA-457) is a maturation inhibitor that inhibits the final step in the processing of Gag, the conversion of capsid-SP1 (p25) to capsid, which is required for the formation of infectious viral particles. Bevirimat has activity against ART-resistant and wild-type HIV, and has shown synergy with antiretrovirals from all classes. Bevirimat reduced HIV viral load by a mean of 1.3 logi₀/mL in patients who achieved trough levels of >= 20 μg/mL and who did not have any of the key baseline Gag polymorphisms at Q369, V370 or T371. However, Bevirimat users with Gag polymorphisms at Q369, V370 or T371 demonstrated significantly lower load reductions than patients without Gag polymorphisms at these sites.

Other examples of maturation inhibitors can be found in PCT Patent

Application No. WO201 1/100308, “Derivatives of Betulin”; PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/024288, “Novel Anti-HIV Compounds and Methods of Use Thereof ; Chinese PCT Application No. PCT/CN201 1/001302, “Carbonyl Derivatives of Betulin”; Chinese PCT Application No. PCT/CN201 1/001303, “Methylene Derivatives of Betulin”; Chinese PCT Application Nos. PCT/CN201 1/002105 and PCT/CN201 1/002159, “Propenoate Derivatives of Betulin”. Maturation inhibitors in the prior art leave open gaps in the areas of polymorphism coverage whereby potency against a broad range of clinically relevant gag sequences is extremely important, along with overall potency including the clinically relevant protein adjusted antiviral activity that will be required for robust efficacy in long term durability trials. To date, no maturation inhibitor has achieved an optimal balance of these properties.

PATENT

WO 2013090664

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2013090664A1?cl=en

Example 17: Compound 50

4-(((3aR, 5aR, 5bR, 7aR, 9S, 11aR, 11bR, 13aS)-3a-((S)-1-Acetoxy-2-((4- chlorobenzyl)amino)ethyl)-1-isopropyl-5a, 5b, 8, 8, 11 a-pentamethyl-2-oxo- 3, 3a, 4, 5, 5a, 5b, 6, 7, 7a, 8,9, 10, 11, 11a, 11b, 12, 13, 13a-octadecahydro-2H- cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl)oxy)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid

[00241] The title compound was made in a similar manner to Example 16 and isolated as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400MHz ,CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.49 – 7.30 (m, 4 H), 5.85 – 5.71 (m, 1 H), 4.59 – 4.40 (m, 1 H), 4.31 – 4.03 (m, 2 H), 3.41 – 2.79 (m, 4 H), 2.79 – 2.50 (m, 2 H), 2.37 (d, J = 18.1 Hz, 2 H), 2.02 – 0.63 (m, 49 H); LC/MS: m/z calculated 779.5, found 780.3 (M+1 )⁺.

Example 18: Compound 51

4-(((3aR, 5aR, 5bR, 7aR, 9S, 11aR, 11bR, 13aS)-3a-((R)-2-((4-Chlorobenzyl)(2- (dimethylamino)ethyl)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-1-isopropyl-5a,5b,8,8, 11a-pe

2-0X0-3, 3a, 4, 5, 5a, 5b, 6, 7, 7a, 8,9, 10, 11, 11a, 11b, 12, 13, 13a-octadecahydro-2H- cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl)oxy)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid

[00242] To a solution of 2-(dimethylamino)acetaldehyde, hydrochloride (6.75 g, 54.6 mmol) in methanol (20 ml_) was added 4-

(((3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S, 1 1 aR, 1 1 bR, 13aS)-3a-((R)-2-((4-chlorobenzyl)amino)-1 – hydroxyethyl)-1 -isopropyl-5a,5b,8,8, 1 1 a-pentamethyl-2-oxo- 3,3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,1 1 ,1 1 a,1 1 b,12,13,13a-octadecahydro-2H- cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl)oxy)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid , Trifluoroacetic acid salt (46) (9.5 g, 10.92 mmol). The pH was adjusted to 7-8 with Et₃N. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. Sodium cyanoborohydride (0.686 g, 10.92 mmol) was then added and the mixture was stirred at rt overnight. After the reaction was complete, water (15 ml_) and EtOAc (15 ml_) were added, and then the organic phase was removed and concentrated under reduced presure. The product was extracted with EtOAc (80 ml_x3), the combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried, and concentrated. The product was purified by flash chromatography (DCM:EtOAc=2: 1 to 1 : 1 , then DCM:MeOH=100: 1 to 20: 1 ) to give 4- (((3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S, 1 1 aR, 1 1 bR, 13aS)-3a-((R)-2-((4-chlorobenzyl)(2- (dimethylamino)ethyl)amino)-1 -hydroxyethyl)-1 -isopropyl-5a,5b,8,8, 1 1 a-pentamethyl- 2-0X0-3, 3a,4, 5, 5a, 5b, 6, 7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 1 1 a, 1 1 b, 12, 13, 13a-octadecahydro-2H- cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl)oxy)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid (51 ) (6 g, 7.41 mmol, 67.9 % yield) as white solid. Multiple batches of this material (were combined 95 g), dissolved in 600 mL of dichloromethane and washed with NaHC0₃ (400 ml_*3) and the organic phase was dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated. The solids were washed with a mixture of EtOAc: petroleum ether (600 mL), and filtered followed by lyophilization to provide the final title compound 62 g as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400MHz ,METHANOL-d₄) δ = 7.47 – 7.29 (m, 4 H), 4.48 (dd, J = 5.8, 10.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.15 – 4.04 (m, 1 H), 3.80 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.57 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.21 – 2.82 (m, 5 H), 2.72 – 2.41 (m, 9 H), 2.37 – 2.05 (m, 4 H), 2.05 – 0.74 (m, 45 H);

LC/MS: m/z calculated 808.5, found 809.5 (M+1 )⁺.

REFERENCES

Hatcher, Mark Andrew; Johns, Brian Alvin; Martin, Michael Tolar; Tabet, Elie Amine; Tang, Jun. Preparation of betulin derivatives for the treatment of HIV, PCT Int. Appl. (2013), WO 2013090664 A1 20130620.

////////GSK-2838232, 1443460-91-0, GSK 2838232, GSK-8232, 2838232, treatment of HIV, phase1

O=C(C1)C(C(C)C)=C2[C@@]1([C@@H](O)CN(CCN(C)C)CC3=CC=CC(Cl)=C3)CC[C@]4(C)[C@]2([H])CC[C@@]5([H])[C@@]4(C)CC[C@]6([H])[C@]5(C)CC[C@H](OC(CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=O)C6(C)C

Karl Landsteiner’s 148th birthday

TD 1607

phase 1, Uncategorized Comments Off

Jun 132016

TD-1607

A glycopeptide-cephalosporin heterodimer potentially for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infection.

CAS No. 827040-07-3

C₉₅ H₁₀₉ Cl₃ N₁₈ O₃₁ S_2,

Molecular Weight, 2169.47

Vancomycin, 29-[[[2-[[6-[[[1-[[(6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-5-chloro-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]pyridinium-4-yl]methyl]amino]-1,6-dioxohexyl]amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]-, inner salt

Vancomycin, 29-[[[2-[[6-[[[1-[[(6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-(2-amino-5-chloro-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]pyridinium-4-yl]methyl]amino]-1,6-dioxohexyl]amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]-, inner salt

Originator Theravance
Developer Theravance Biopharma
Class Antibacterials; Cephalosporins; Glycopeptides
Mechanism of Action Cell wall inhibitors
- Phase I Gram-positive infections
Most Recent Events
- 21 Apr 2016 Phase I development is ongoing in USA
- 01 Jul 2014 Theravance completes a phase I trial in Healthy volunteers in in USA (NCT01949103)
- 02 Jun 2014 Theravance Biopharma is formed as a spin-off of Theravance
- Company Theravance Biopharma Inc.
  
  Description Glycopeptide cephalosporin heterodimer antibiotic
  
  Molecular Target
  
  Mechanism of Action
  
  Therapeutic Modality Small molecule: Combination
  
  Latest Stage of Development Phase I
  
  Standard Indication Gram-negative bacterial infection
  
  Indication Details Treat Gram-positive bacterial infections

PATENT

WO 2005005436

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2005005436A2?cl=en29

The present invention provides novel cross-linked glycopeptide – cephalosporin compounds that are useful as antibiotics. The compounds of this invention have a unique chemical structure in which a glycopeptide group is covalently linked to a pyridinium moiety of a cephalosporin group. Among other properties, compounds of this invention have been found to possess surprising and unexpected potency against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococci aureus (MRSA). Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention provides a compound of formula I:

////////Theravance Biopharma, TD 1607, phase 1, glycopeptide-cephalosporin heterodimer , gram-positive bacterial infection

Temanogrel

Phase 3 drug, Uncategorized Comments Off

Jun 122016

ChemSpider 2D Image | temanogrel | C24H28N4O4

Temanogrel

APD 791

3-methoxy-N-[3-(2-methylpyrazol-3-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl]benzamide

Benzamide,3-methoxy-N-[3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-

UNII:F42Z27575A

TEMANOGREL; APD791; CHEMBL1084617; UNII-F42Z27575A; 887936-68-7; 3-Methoxy-N-[3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-benzamide;
Molecular Formula:	C₂₄H₂₈N₄O₄
Molecular Weight:	436.50352 g/mol

Originator Arena Pharmaceuticals
Developer Arena Pharmaceuticals; Ildong Pharmaceutical
Class Antithrombotics; Small molecules
Mechanism of Action Serotonin 2A receptor inverse agonists

Phase I Arterial thrombosis

Most Recent Events

30 Mar 2016 Arena Pharmaceuticals has patents pending for Temanogrel in 12 regions, including Brazil (Arena Pharmaceuticals 10-K; march 2016)
30 Mar 2016 Arena Pharmaceuticals has patent protection for Temanogrel in 87 regions, including USA, Japan, China, Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain, Canada, Russia, India, Australia and South Korea
01 Mar 2015 Ildong Pharmaceutical initiates enrolment in a phase I trial for Arterial thrombosis in South Korea (NCT02419820)

A 5-HT2A inverse agonist potentially for the reduction of the risk of arterial thrombosis.

APD-791

CAS No. 887936-68-7

ChemSpider 2D Image | Temanogrel hydrochloride | C24H29ClN4O4

Temanogrel hydrochloride

Molecular FormulaC₂₄H₂₉ClN₄O₄
Average mass472.965

957466-27-2 CAS

Benzamide, 3-methoxy-N-[3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-, hydrochloride (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]

Temanogrel hydrochloride [USAN]

UNII:5QEY8NZP3T

Temanogrel, also known as APD791, is a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor inverse agonist under development for the treatment of arterial thrombosis. APD791 displayed high-affinity binding to membranes (K(i) = 4.9 nM) and functional inverse agonism of inositol phosphate accumulation (IC(50) = 5.2 nM) in human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing the human 5-HT(2A) receptor. APD791 was greater than 2000-fold selective for the 5-HT(2A) receptor versus 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(2B) receptors. APD791 inhibited 5-HT-mediated amplification of ADP-stimulated human and dog platelet aggregation (IC(50) = 8.7 and 23.1 nM, respectively)

Arterial thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot or thrombus inside an artery or arteriole that restricts or blocks the flow of blood and, depending upon location, can result in acute coronary syndrome or stroke. The formation of a thrombus is usually initiated by blood vessel injury, which triggers platelet aggregation and adhesion of platelets to the vessel wall. Treatments aimed at inhibiting platelet aggregation have demonstrated clear clinical benefits in the setting of acute coronary syndrome and stroke. Current antiplatelet therapies include aspirin, which irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COXa

Abbreviations: COX, cyclooxygenase; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; SAR, structure−activity relationship; hERG, human ether-a-go-go-related gene; CNS, central nervous system; 5-HT, serotonin; AUC, area under the plasma concentration time curve, iv, intravenous; IP, inositol phosphate.

) and results in reduced thromboxane production, clopidogrel and prasugrel, which inhibit platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P₂Y₁₂ receptors, and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists. Another class of antiplatelet drugs, protease-activated thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists, are also being evaluated in the clinic for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. The most advanced candidate in this class, N-[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]vinyl}-1-methyl-3-oxoperhydro-naphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester (SCH-530348), is currently in phase 3 trials for the prevention of arterial thrombosis.

The 5-HT_2A receptor is one of 15 different serotonin receptor subtypes.

In the cardiovascular system, modulation of 5-HT_2A receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells and platelets is thought to play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function. Platelets are activated by a variety of agonists such as ADP, thrombin, thromboxane, serotonin, epinephrine, and collagen. Upon platelet activation at the site of blood vessel injury, a number of factors including serotonin (5-HT) are released. Although by itself serotonin is a weak activator of platelet aggregation, in vitro it can amplify aggregation induced by other agonists as mentioned above. Therefore, serotonin released from activated platelets may induce further platelet aggregation and enhance thrombosis.

The 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist ketanserin was shown in clinical studies to reduce early restenosis(7) and decrease myocardial ischemia during coronary balloon angioplasty.(8)However, in another study, ketanserin did not significantly improve clinical outcomes, and the rate of adverse events was higher than that observed in the control group.(9) Some of the adverse events reported in the latter study could be specific to ketanserin and resulted from its lack of 5-HT_2A receptor selectivity. Other 5-HT_2A antagonists with improved selectivity profiles have shown promise in clinical studies. For example, sarpogrelate was shown to inhibit restenosis following coronary stenting.

Figure 1. Serotonin and known 5-HT_2A receptor antagonists.

Because the 5-HT_2A receptor is expressed both in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system (CNS), compounds with limited CNS partitioning would be preferred to maximize cardiovascular and blood platelet pharmacological activity while minimizing CNS effects. In addition, because 5-HT_2A receptor inverse agonists are thought to reduce thrombus formation via inhibition of serotonin-mediated amplification of platelet aggregation without inhibiting agonist driven aggregation per se, it is possible that this class of inhibitors will have an improved bleeding risk side effect profile compared to what has been observed with other classes of antithrombotic drugs.

SYNTHESIS

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2010), 53(11), 4412-4421.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm100044a

Serotonin, which is stored in platelets and is released during thrombosis, activates platelets via the 5-HT_2A receptor. 5-HT_2A receptor inverse agonists thus represent a potential new class of antithrombotic agents. Our medicinal program began with known compounds that displayed binding affinity for the recombinant 5-HT_2A receptor, but which had poor activity when tested in human plasma platelet inhibition assays. We herein describe a series of phenyl pyrazole inverse agonists optimized for selectivity, aqueous solubility, antiplatelet activity, low hERG activity, and good pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in the discovery of 10k (APD791). 10k inhibited serotonin-amplified human platelet aggregation with an IC₅₀ = 8.7 nM and had negligible binding affinity for the closely related 5-HT_2B and 5-HT_2C receptors. 10k was orally bioavailable in rats, dogs, and monkeys and had an acceptable safety profile. As a result, 10k was selected further evaluation and advanced into clinical development as a potential treatment for arterial

Discovery and Structure−Activity Relationship of 3-Methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide (APD791): A Highly Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine_2A Receptor Inverse Agonist for the Treatment of Arterial Thrombosis

Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121

J. Med. Chem., 2010, 53 (11), pp 4412–4421

DOI: 10.1021/jm100044a

Publication Date (Web): May 10, 2010

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +1 858-453-7200. Fax: +1 858-453-7210. E-mail:yxiong@arenapharm.com.

3-Methoxy-N-[3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-benzamide (10k)

10k was prepared in a manner similar to that described for 10c, using 9d (120 mg, 0.40 mmol) and 3-methoxybenzoyl chloride (81 mg, 0.48 mmol) to give the TFA salt of 10k as a white solid (88 mg, 51%); mp (HCl salt, recrystallized from iPrOH) 214−216 °C. ¹H NMR (acetone-d₆, 400 MHz) δ: 2.99−3.21 (m, 2H), 3.22−3.45 (m, 2H), 3.66 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.79−3.89 (m, 4H), 4.58 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 6.29 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J = 2.5, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (t, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.80−7.83 (m, 1H), 7.91−7.96 (m, 1H), 9.54 (s, 1H). LCMSm/z = 437.5 [M + H]⁺.

Additional Information

Oral administration of APD791 to dogs resulted in acute (1-h) and subchronic (10-day) inhibition of 5-HT-mediated amplification of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation in whole blood. Two active metabolites, APD791-M1 and APD791-M2, were generated upon incubation of APD791 with human liver microsomes and were also indentified in dogs after oral administration of APD791. The affinity and selectivity profiles of both metabolites were similar to APD791. These results demonstrate that APD791 is an orally available, high-affinity 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist with potent activity on platelets and vascular smooth muscle.(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628629).

PATENT

WO 2006055734

https://google.com/patents/WO2006055734A2?cl=en

Example 1.88: Preparation of 3-methoxy-N-[3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-(2-morpholin~

4-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-benzamide (Compound 733).

A mixture of 3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-phenylamine (120 mg, 0.40 mmole), 3-methoxy-benzoyl chloride (81 mg, 0.48 mmole), and triethylamine (0.1 mL, 0.79 mmole) in 5 mL THF was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. The mixture was purified by HPLC to give the title compound as a white solid (TFA salt, 88 mg, 51 %). ¹H NMR ( Acetone-^, 400 MHz) 2.99-3.21 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.66 (t, J= 4.80 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.79-3.89 (m, 4H), 4.58 (t, J= 4.80 Hz, 2H), 6.29 (d, J= 2.02 Hz IH), 7.13 (dd, J= 8.34, 2.53 Hz, IH), 7.22 (d, J= 8.84 Hz, IH), 7.42 (t, J= 7.83 Hz, IH), 7.47 (d, J= 1.77 Hz, IH), 7.52 (t, J= 1.77 Hz, IH), 7.56 (d, J= 7.07 Hz, IH), 7.80-7.83 (m, IH), 7.91-7.96 (m, IH), 9.54 (s, NH). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₈N₄O₄ 436.2, found 437.5 (MH⁺).

References

1: Xiong Y, Teegarden BR, Choi JS, Strah-Pleynet S, Decaire M, Jayakumar H, Dosa
PI, Casper MD, Pham L, Feichtinger K, Ullman B, Adams J, Yuskin D, Frazer J,
Morgan M, Sadeque A, Chen W, Webb RR, Connolly DT, Semple G, Al-Shamma H.
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of
3-methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide
(APD791): a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor inverse agonist for
the treatment of arterial thrombosis. J Med Chem. 2010 Jun 10;53(11):4412-21.
doi: 10.1021/jm100044a. PubMed PMID: 20455563.

2: Przyklenk K, Frelinger AL 3rd, Linden MD, Whittaker P, Li Y, Barnard MR, Adams
J, Morgan M, Al-Shamma H, Michelson AD. Targeted inhibition of the serotonin
5HT2A receptor improves coronary patency in an in vivo model of recurrent
thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Feb;8(2):331-40. doi:
10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03693.x. Epub 2009 Nov 17. PubMed PMID: 19922435; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC2916638.

3: Adams JW, Ramirez J, Shi Y, Thomsen W, Frazer J, Morgan M, Edwards JE, Chen W,
Teegarden BR, Xiong Y, Al-Shamma H, Behan DP, Connolly DT. APD791,
3-methoxy-n-(3-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide,
a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor antagonist: pharmacological profile,
pharmacokinetics, platelet activity and vascular biology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther.
2009 Oct;331(1):96-103. doi: 10.1124/jpet.109.153189. Epub 2009 Jul 23. PubMed
PMID: 19628629.

Patent ID	Date	Patent Title
US2015361031	2015-12-17	STAT3 INHIBITOR
US8785441	2014-07-22	3-phenyl-pyrazole derivatives as modulators of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor useful for the treatment of disorders related thereto
US2013296321	2013-11-07	CRYSTALLINE FORMS AND PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHENYL-PYRAZOLES USEFUL AS MODULATORS OF THE 5-HT2A SEROTONIN RECEPTOR
US2012252813	2012-10-04	CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF CERTAIN 3-PHENYL-PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MODULATORS OF THE 5-HT2A SEROTONIN RECEPTOR USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISORDERS RELATED THERETO
US8148417	2012-04-03	PRIMARY AMINES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF AS MODULATORS OF THE 5-HT2A SEROTONIN RECEPTOR USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISORDERS RELATED THERETO
US8148418	2012-04-03	ETHERS, SECONDARY AMINES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF AS MODULATORS OF THE 5-HT2A SEROTONIN RECEPTOR USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISORDERS RELATED THERETO
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///////////APD-791 , 887936-68-7, Temanogrel , PHASE 1, ARENA,

CN1C(=CC=N1)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC(=CC=C3)OC)OCCN4CCOCC4

C(=O)(c1cc(ccc1)OC)Nc1ccc(c(c1)c1n(ncc1)C)OCCN1CCOCC1

DR ANTHONY’S ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY INTERNATIONAL HITS 4 LAKH VIEWS

Uncategorized Comments Off

Jun 112016

ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY INTERNATIONAL HITS 4 LAKH VIEWS

LINK https://orgspectroscopyint.blogspot.in/

SEE SNAPSHOT

ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY INTERNATIONAL

Organic Chemists from Industry and academics to Interact on Spectroscopy Techniques for Organic Compounds ie NMR, MASS, IR, UV Etc. Starters, Learners, advanced, all alike, contains content which is basic or advanced, by Dr Anthony Melvin Crasto, Worlddrugtracker.

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MAKING INDIANS FEEL PROUD

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Genistein

Uncategorized Comments Off

Jun 102016

Genistein

5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; Baichanin A; Bonistein; 4’,5,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone; GeniVida; Genisteol; NSC 36586; Prunetol; Sophoricol;


CAS Number:	446-72-0
	BIO-300; G-2535; PTI-G-4660; SIPI-9764-I; PTIG-4660; SIPI-9764I
Molecular form.:	C₁₅H₁₀O₅
Appearance:	Light Tan to Light Yellow Solid
Melting Point:	>277°C (dec.)
Mol. Weight:	270.24

Genistein , an isoflavone found in many Fabaceae plants and important non-nutritional constituent of soybeans (Glycine max Merill), is a well-known plant metabolite from phenylpropanoid pathway, chiefly because of its presence in numerous phytoestrogenic dietary supplements. In fact, the compound also strives for higher medicinal status, undergoing dozens of clinical trials for various ailments, from osteoporosis to cancer

IR (KBr, cm^–1; inter alia): 3411, 3104, 1651, 1615, 1570, 1519, 1504, 1424, 1361, 1309, 1202, 1179, 1145, 1043, 911, 840, 790.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, THF-d8), δ (ppm): 6.17 (d, J = 2,2 Hz, 1H); 6.26 (d, J = 2,2 Hz, 1H); 6.78 (m, 2H); 7.41 (m, 2H); 8.02 (s, 1H); 8.50 (bs, 1H); 9.34 (bs, 1H); 13.02 (s, 1H).

¹³C NMR (THF-d₈), δ (ppm): 94.13; 99.73; 106.20; 115.82; 122.95; 124.17; 130.84; 153.78; 158.73; 159.08; 164.24; 165.16; 181.46.

An EGFR/DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor potentially for the treatment of bladder cancer and prostate cancer.

NMR

Genistein; CAS: 446-72-0

REF http://www.wangfei.ac.cn/nmrspectra/7/1/30

SEE https://www.google.com/patents/EP2373326A1?cl=en

Genistein is an angiogenesis inhibitor and a phytoestrogen and belongs to the category of isoflavones. Genistein was first isolated in 1899 from the dyer’s broom, Genista tinctoria; hence, the chemical name. The compound structure was established in 1926, when it was found to be identical with prunetol. It was chemically synthesized in 1928.^[1]

Natural occurrences

Isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein are found in a number of plants including lupin, fava beans, soybeans, kudzu, andpsoralea being the primary food source,^[2]^[3] also in the medicinal plants, Flemingia vestita^[4] and F. macrophylla,^[5]^[6] and coffee.^[7] It can also be found in Maackia amurensis cell cultures.^[8]

Extraction and purification

Most of the isoflavones in plants are present in a glycosylated form. The unglycosylated aglycones can be obtained through various means such as treatment with the enzyme β-glucosidase, acid treatment of soybeans followed by solvent extraction, or by chemical synthesis.^[9] Acid treatment is a harsh method as concentrated inorganic acids are used. Both enzyme treatment and chemical synthesis are costly. A more economical process consisting of fermentation for in situ production of β-glucosidase to isolate genistein has been recently investigated.^[10]

Biological effects

Besides functioning as antioxidant and anthelmintic, many isoflavones have been shown to interact with animal and human estrogen receptors, causing effects in the body similar to those caused by the hormone estrogen. Isoflavones also produce non-hormonal effects.

Molecular function

Genistein influences multiple biochemical functions in living cells:

full agonist of ERβ (EC₅₀ = 7.62 nM) and, to a much lesser extent (~20-fold), full agonist^[11] or partial agonist of ERα^[12]
agonist of GPER (GPR30)^[13]
activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)
inhibition of several tyrosine kinases
inhibition of topoisomerase
inhibition of AAAD
direct antioxidation with some proxidative features
activation of Nrf2 antioxidative response
stimulation of autophagy^[14]^[15]^[16]
inhibition of the mammalian hexose transporter GLUT1
contraction of several types of smooth muscles
modulation of CFTR channel, potentiating its opening at low concentration and inhibiting it a higher doses.
inhibition of cytosine methylation
inhibition of DNA methyltransferase^[17]
inhibition of the glycine receptor

Activation of PPARs

Isoflavones genistein and daidzein bind to and transactivate all three PPAR isoforms, α, δ, and γ.^[18] For example, membrane-bound PPARγ-binding assay showed that genistein can directly interact with the PPARγ ligand binding domain and has a measurable Ki of 5.7 mM.^[19] Gene reporter assays showed that genistein at concentrations between 1 and 100 uM activated PPARs in a dose dependent way in KS483 mesenchymal progenitor cells, breast cancer MCF-7 cells, T47D cells and MDA-MD-231 cells, murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, endothelial cells and in Hela cells. Several studies have shown that both ERs and PPARs influenced each other and therefore induce differential effects in a dose-dependent way. The final biological effects of genistein are determined by the balance among these pleiotrophic actions.^[18]^[20]^[21]

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

The main known activity of genistein is tyrosine kinase inhibitor, mostly of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Tyrosine kinases are less widespread than their ser/thr counterparts but implicated in almost all cell growth and proliferation signal cascades.

Redox-active — not only antioxidant

Genistein may act as direct antioxidant, similar to many other isoflavones, and thus may alleviate damaging effects of free radicals in tissues.^[22]^[23]

The same molecule of genistein, similar to many other isoflavones, by generation of free radicals poison topoisomerase II, an enzyme important for maintaining DNA stability.^[24]^[25]^[26]

Human cells turn on beneficial, detoxyfying Nrf2 factor in response to genistein insult. This pathway may be responsible for observed health maintaining properities of small doses of genistein.^[27]

Anthelmintic

The root-tuber peel extract of the leguminous plant Felmingia vestita is the traditional anthelmitic of the Khasi tribes of India. While investigating its anthelmintic activity, genistein was found to be the major isoflavone responsible for the deworming property.^[4]^[28] Genistein was subsequently demonstrated to be highly effective against intestinal parasitessuch as the poultry cestode Raillietina echinobothrida,^[28] the pork trematode Fasciolopsis buski,^[29] and the sheep liver fluke Fasciola hepatica.^[30] It exerts its anthelmintic activity by inhibiting the enzymes of glycolysis and glycogenolysis,^[31]^[32] and disturbing the Ca2+ homeostasis and NO activity in the parasites.^[33]^[34] It has also been investigated inhuman tapeworms such as Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus metacestodes that genistein and its derivatives, Rm6423 and Rm6426, are potent cestocides.^[35]

Atherosclerosis

Genistein protects against pro-inflammatory factor-induced vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction and inhibits leukocyte–endothelium interaction, thereby modulating vascular inflammation, a major event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.^[36]

Cancer links

Genistein and other isoflavones have been identified as angiogenesis inhibitors, and found to inhibit the uncontrolled cell growth of cancer, most likely by inhibiting the activity of substances in the body that regulate cell division and cell survival (growth factors). Various studies have found that moderate doses of genistein have inhibitory effects on cancersof the prostate,^[37]^[38] cervix,^[39] brain,^[40] breast^[37]^[41]^[42] and colon.^[16] It has also been shown that genistein makes some cells more sensitive to radio-therapy.;^[43] although, timing of phytoestrogen use is also important. ^[43]

Genistein’s chief method of activity is as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tyrosine kinases are less widespread than their ser/thr counterparts but implicated in almost all cell growth and proliferation signal cascades. Inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II also plays an important role in the cytotoxic activity of genistein.^[25]^[44] Genistein has been used to selectively target pre B-cells via conjugation with an anti-CD19 antibody.^[45]

Studies on rodents have found genistein to be useful in the treatment of leukemia, and that it can be used in combination with certain other antileukemic drugs to improve their efficacy.^[46]

Estrogen receptor — more cancer links

Due to its structure similarity to 17β-estradiol (estrogen), genistein can compete with it and bind to estrogen receptors. However, genistein shows much higher affinity towardestrogen receptor β than toward estrogen receptor α.^[47]

Data from in vitro and in vivo research confirms that genistein can increase rate of growth of some ER expressing breast cancers. Genistein was found to increase the rate of proliferation of estrogen-dependent breast cancer when not cotreated with an estrogen antagonist.^[48]^[49]^[50] It was also found to decrease efficiency of tamoxifen and letrozole – drugs commonly used in breast cancer therapy.^[51]^[52] Genistein was found to inhibit immune response towards cancer cells allowing their survival.^[53]

Effects in males

Isoflavones can act like estrogen, stimulating development and maintenance of female characteristics, or they can block cells from using cousins of estrogen. In vitro studies have shown genistein to induce apoptosis of testicular cells at certain levels, thus raising concerns about effects it could have on male fertility;^[54] however, a recent study found that isoflavones had “no observable effect on endocrine measurements, testicular volume or semen parameters over the study period.” in healthy males given isoflavone supplements daily over a 2-month period.^[55]

Carcinogenic and toxic potential

Genistein was, among other flavonoids, found to be a strong topoisomerase inhibitor, similarly to some chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs ex. etoposide and doxorubicin.^[24]^[56]In high doses it was found to be strongly toxic to normal cells.^[57] This effect may be responsible for both anticarcinogenic and carcinogenic potential of the substance.^[26]^[58] It was found to deteriorate DNA of cultured blood stem cells, what may lead to leukemia.^[59] Genistein among other flavonoids is suspected to increase risk of infant leukemia when consumed during pregnancy.^[60]^[61]

Sanfilippo syndrome treatment

Genistein decreases pathological accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in Sanfilippo syndrome. In vitro animal studies and clinical experiments suggest that the symptoms of the disease may be alleviated by adequate dose of genistein.^[62] Genistein was found to also possess toxic properties toward brain cells.^[57] Among many pathways stimulated by genistein, autophagy may explain the observed efficiency of the substance as autophagy is significantly impaired in the disease.^[63]^[64]

Related compounds

Glycosides

Genistin is the 7-O-beta-D-glucoside of genistein.

Acetylated compounds

Wighteone is the 6-isopentenyl genistein (6-prenyl-5,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone)^{[citation needed]}

Pharmaceutical derivatives

KBU2046 under investigation for prostate cancer.^[65]^[66]
B43-genistein, an anti-CD19 antibody linked to genistein e.g. for leukemia.^[67]
Genistein has two known synthesis routes: deoxybenzoin route and chalcone route. Deoxybenzoin route uses friedel-craft reaction, and chalcone route uses aldol condensation as shown in figure 2. Developing synthesis of genistein allows the access to the affordable therapy as well as mass production of commercial genistein supplements. However, it would be recommended to consult with the health care provider and discuss the pros and cons before the use since the effects of genistein on human body are not fully understood yet as discussed above.

Figure 2. Synthesis of genistein via deoxybenzoin route or chalcone route. 10

https://chemprojects263sp11.wikispaces.com/genistein

Paper

Identification of Benzopyran-4-one Derivatives (Isoflavones) as Positive Modulators of GABAA Receptors
ChemMedChem (2011), 6, (8), 1340-1346

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cmdc.201100120/abstract

PATENT

By Achmatowicz, Osman et al

From Pol., 204473

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Jump up^ Jiang, Xinguo; Patterson, Nicole M.; Ling, Yan; Xie, Jianwei; Helferich, William G.; Shapiro, David J. (2008). “Low Concentrations of the Soy Phytoestrogen Genistein Induce Proteinase Inhibitor 9 and Block Killing of Breast Cancer Cells by Immune Cells”.Endocrinology 149 (11): 5366–73. doi:10.1210/en.2008-0857. PMC 2584580.PMID 18669594.
Jump up^ Kumi-Diaka, James; Rodriguez, Rosanna; Goudaze, Gould (1998). “Influence of genistein (4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) on the growth and proliferation of testicular cell lines”. Biology of the Cell 90 (4): 349–54. doi:10.1016/S0248-4900(98)80015-4.PMID 9800352.
Jump up^ Mitchell, Julie H.; Cawood, Elizabeth; Kinniburgh, David; Provan, Anne; Collins, Andrew R.; Irvine, D. Stewart (2001). “Effect of a phytoestrogen food supplement on reproductive health in normal males”. Clinical Science 100 (6): 613–8. doi:10.1042/CS20000212.PMID 11352776.
Jump up^ Lutz, Werner K.; Tiedge, Oliver; Lutz, Roman W.; Stopper, Helga (2005). “Different Types of Combination Effects for the Induction of Micronuclei in Mouse Lymphoma Cells by Binary Mixtures of the Genotoxic Agents MMS, MNU, and Genistein”. Toxicological Sciences 86 (2): 318–23. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi200. PMID 15901918.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Jin, Ying; Wu, Heng; Cohen, Eric M.; Wei, Jianning; Jin, Hong; Prentice, Howard; Wu, Jang-Yen (2007). “Genistein and daidzein induce neurotoxicity at high concentrations in primary rat neuronal cultures”. Journal of Biomedical Science 14 (2): 275–84.doi:10.1007/s11373-006-9142-2. PMID 17245525.
Jump up^ Schmidt, Friederike; Knobbe, Christiane; Frank, Brigitte; Wolburg, Hartwig; Weller, Michael (2008). “The topoisomerase II inhibitor, genistein, induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines”. Oncology Reports 19 (4): 1061–6.doi:10.3892/or.19.4.1061. PMID 18357397.
Jump up^ van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani, Sahar Barjesteh; Janssen, Jannie; Maas, Lou M.; Godschalk, Roger W. L.; Nijhuis, Jan G.; van Schooten, Frederik J. (2007). “Dietary flavonoids induce MLL translocations in primary human CD34+ cells”. Carcinogenesis 28(8): 1703–9. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgm102. PMID 17468513.
Jump up^ Spector, Logan G.; Xie, Yang; Robison, Leslie L.; Heerema, Nyla A.; Hilden, Joanne M.; Lange, Beverly; Felix, Carolyn A.; Davies, Stella M.; Slavin, Joanne; Potter, John D.; Blair, Cindy K.; Reaman, Gregory H.; Ross, Julie A. (2005). “Maternal Diet and Infant Leukemia: The DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibitor Hypothesis: A Report from the Children’s Oncology Group”. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 14 (3): 651–5. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0602. PMID 15767345.
Jump up^ Azarova, Anna M.; Lin, Ren-Kuo; Tsai, Yuan-Chin; Liu, Leroy F.; Lin, Chao-Po; Lyu, Yi Lisa (2010). “Genistein induces topoisomerase IIbeta- and proteasome-mediated DNA sequence rearrangements: Implications in infant leukemia”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 399 (1): 66–71. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.043.PMC 3376163. PMID 20638367.
Jump up^ Piotrowska, Ewa; Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka, Joanna; Barańska, Sylwia; Tylki-Szymańska, Anna; Czartoryska, Barbara; Węgrzyn, Alicja; Węgrzyn, Grzegorz (2006). “Genistein-mediated inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis as a basis for gene expression-targeted isoflavone therapy for mucopolysaccharidoses”. European Journal of Human Genetics 14(7): 846–52. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201623. PMID 16670689.
Jump up^ Ballabio, A. (2009). “Disease pathogenesis explained by basic science: Lysosomal storage diseases as autophagocytic disorders”. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 47 (Suppl 1): S34–8. doi:10.5414/cpp47034.PMID 20040309.
Jump up^ Settembre, Carmine; Fraldi, Alessandro; Jahreiss, Luca; Spampanato, Carmine; Venturi, Consuelo; Medina, Diego; de Pablo, Raquel; Tacchetti, Carlo; Rubinsztein, David C.; Ballabio, Andrea (2007). “A block of autophagy in lysosomal storage disorders”. Human Molecular Genetics 17 (1): 119–29. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm289. PMID 17913701.
Jump up^ Xu, Li; Farmer, Rebecca; Huang, Xiaoke; Pavese, Janet; Voll, Eric; Irene, Ogden; Biddle, Margaret; Nibbs, Antoinette; Valsecchi, Matias; Scheidt, Karl; Bergan, Raymond (2010). “Abstract B58: Discovery of a novel drug KBU2046 that inhibits conversion of human prostate cancer to a metastatic phenotype”. Cancer Prevention Research 3 (12 Supplement): B58. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.PREV-10-B58.
Jump up^ “New Drug Stops Spread of Prostate Cancer” (Press release). Northwestern University. April 3, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
Jump up^ Chen, Chun-Lin; Levine, Alexandra; Rao, Asha; O’Neill, Karen; Messinger, Yoav; Myers, Dorothea E.; Goldman, Frederick; Hurvitz, Carole; Casper, James T.; Uckun, Fatih M. (1999). “Clinical Pharmacokinetics of the CD19 Receptor-Directed Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor B43-Genistein in Patients with B-Lineage Lymphoid Malignancies”. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 39 (12): 1248–55. doi:10.1177/00912709922012051. PMID 10586390.

External links

Development and scale-up of the synthetic process for genistein preparation are described. The process was designed with consideration for environmental and economical aspects and optimized in a laboratory scale. In a scale up, on every step quantity of the environmentally unfriendly substrates or solvents was reduced without compromising the quality of the final product, and the waste load was significantly diminished. The optimal duration times of the individual stages were determined, and the number of operations was reduced, leading to lowering of energy consumption. Elaborated process secures good yield and quality expected for pharmaceutical substances.

Technical Process for Preparation of Genistein

Katarzyna Filip^*, Ewa Kleczkowska-Plichta, Zbigniew Araźny, Grzegorz Grynkiewicz, Magdalena Polowczyk,Krzysztof Gabarski, and Kinga Trzcińska

Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00425

Publication Date (Web): June 03, 2016

*E-mail: k.filip@ifarm.eu.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00425

Genistein
Names


IUPAC name 5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
Other names 4′,5,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone
Identifiers
CAS Number	446-72-0
ChEBI	CHEBI:28088
ChEMBL	ChEMBL44
ChemSpider	4444448
DrugBank	DB01645
IUPHAR/BPS	2826
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
KEGG	C06563
PubChem	5280961
UNII	DH2M523P0H
InChI [show]
SMILES [show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C₁₅H₁₀O₅
Molar mass	270.24 g·mol⁻¹
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987), O’Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991), Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992), Platanias, L.C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24053 (1992), Yoshida, H., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1137, 321 (1992), Uckun, F.M., et al.: Science, 267, 886 (1995), Merck Index 12th ed. 4395, Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)

//////BIO-300, G-2535, PTI-G-4660, SIPI-9764-I, PTIG-4660, SIPI-9764I, Genistein, phase 2, national cancer institute

Oc1ccc(cc1)C\3=C\Oc2cc(O)cc(O)c2C/3=O

Supporting Info

Start of the Euro 2016

ND 630, NDI 010976

Uncategorized Comments Off

Jun 102016

ND 630, NDI 010976, ND-630, NDI-010976

1,4-dihydro-1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy]ethyl]-α,α,5-trimethyl-6-(2-oxazolyl)-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(2H)-acetic acid

2-[l-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5- methyl-6-(l,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-lH,2H,3H,4H-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2- methylpropanoic acid

2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid

CAS 1434635-54-7

Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(2H)-acetic acid, 1,4-dihydro-1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy]ethyl]-α,α,5-trimethyl-6-(2-oxazolyl)-2,4-dioxo-

Molecular Formula:	C₂₈H₃₁N₃O₈S
Molecular Weight:	569.62604 g/mol

Company	Nimbus Therapeutics LLC
Description	Small molecule allosteric inhibitor of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha (ACACA; ACC1) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB; ACC2)
Molecular Target	Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha (ACACA) (ACC1) ; Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB) (ACC2)
Mechanism of Action	Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha (ACACA) (ACC1) inhibitor; Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB) (ACC2) inhibitor
Therapeutic Modality	Small molecule

Preclinical Diabetes mellitus; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Metabolic syndrome; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Non-small cell lung cancer

Acetyl CoA carboxylase 1/2 allosteric inhibitors – Nimbus Therapeutics

The Liver Meeting 2015 – American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) – 2015 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA

Nimbus compounds targeting liver disease in rat models

Data were presented by Geraldine Harriman, from Nimbus Therapeutics, from rat models using acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors NDI-010976 (ND-630) and N-654, which improved metabolic syndrome endpoints, decreased liver steatosis, decreased expression of inflammatory markers and improved fibrosis. The hepatotropic ACC inhibitor NDI-010976 had IC50 values of 2 and 7 nM for ACC1 and 2, respectively, EC50 values in HepG2 serum free and 10% serum of 9 and 66 nM, respectively, and 2-fold C2C12 fatty acid oxidation (FAOxn) stimulation at 200 nM. Rat FASyn (synthase), malonyl-CoA (liver) and malonyl-COA (muscle) respective ED50 values were 0.14 mg/kg po, 0.8 and 3 mg/kg. The rat respiratory quotient (RQ) MED was 3 mg/kg po. ADME data showed low multispecies intrinsic clearance (human, mouse, rat, dog, monkey). NDI-010976 was eliminated predominantly as the parent drug. Additionally, P450 inhibition was > 50 microM. In liver and muscle, NDI-010976 modulated key metabolic parameters including a dose-dependent reduction in the formation of the enzymatic product of acetyl coA carboxyloase malonyl coA; the ED50 value was lower in muscle. The drug also decreased FASyn dose dependently and increased fatty acid oxidation in the liver (EC50 = 0.14 mg/kg). In 28-day HS DIO rats, NDI-010976 favorably modulated key plasma and liver lipids, including decreasing liver free fatty acid, plasma triglycerides and plasma cholesterol; this effect was also seen in 37-day ZDF rats

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013071169A1?cl=en

Example 76: Synthesis of 2-[l-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5- methyl-6-(l,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-lH,2H,3H,4H-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2- methylpropanoic acid (1-181).

Synthesis of compound 76.1. Into a 250-mL 3 -necked round-bottom flask, purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, was placed oxan-4-ol (86 g, 842.05 mmol, 2.01 equiv) and FeCl₃ (10 g). This was followed by the addition of 57.2 (63 g, 419.51 mmol, 1.00 equiv) dropwise with stirring at 0 °C. The resulting solution was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. The resulting solution was diluted with 500 mL of H₂0. The resulting solution was extracted with 3×1000 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined. The resulting solution was extracted with 3×300 mL of sodium chloride (sat.) and the organic layers combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1 : 10). This resulted in 22 g (21%) of 76.1 as a white solid.

Synthesis of compound 76.2. The enantiomers of 76.1 (22g) were resolved by chiral preparative HPLC under the following conditions (Gilson Gx 281): Column: Venusil Chiral OD-

H, 21.1 *25 cm, 5 μιη; mobile phase: hexanes (0.2% TEA) and ethanol (0.2% TEA) (hold at 10% ethanol (0.2%TEA) for 13 min); detector: UV 220/254 nm. 11.4 g (52%) of 76.2 were obtained as a white solid.

Synthesis of compound 76.3. Into a 500-mL 3-necked round-bottom flask, purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, was placed 70.1 (12 g, 20.49 mmol, 1.00 equiv), tetrahydrofuran (200 mL), 76.2 (6.2 g, 24.57 mmol, 1.20 equiv) and DIAD (6.5 g, 32.18 mmol, 1.57 equiv). This was followed by the addition of a solution of triphenylphosphane (8.4 g, 32.03 mmol, 1.56 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) dropwise with stirring at 0 °C in 60 min. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1 :5). This resulted in 17 g (crude) of 76.3 as a white solid.

Synthesis of compound 76.4. Into a 500-mL 3-necked round-bottom flask, purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, was placed 76.3 (17 g, crude), toluene (300 mL), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (1.7 g, 1.47 mmol, 0.07 equiv) and 2-(tributylstannyl)-l,3-oxazole (8.6 g, 24.02 mmol, 1.16 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at 110 °C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1 : 10). Purification afforded 6 g of 76.4 as a white solid.

Synthesis of compound 1-181. Into a 250-mL 3-necked round-bottom flask, was placed 76.4 (6 g, 7.43 mmol, 1.00 equiv), tetrahydrofuran (100 mL), TBAF (2.3 g, 8.80 mmol,

I .18 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (50: 1). This resulted in 3.4 g (80%) of Compound 1-181 as a white solid.

Purification: MS (ES): m/z 570 (M+H)⁺, 592 (M+Na)⁺.

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO- d₆): δ 1.22-1.36 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m, 8H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.39 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.85-4.20 (m, 2H), 5.30 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.50 (m, 3H), 8.2 (s, 1H).

Preparation of ND-630.1,4-dihydro-1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy]ethyl]-α,α,5-trimethyl-6-(2-oxazolyl)-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(2H)-acetic acid, ND-630, was prepared as described (49)…….http://www.pnas.org/content/113/13/E1796.full.pdf

Harriman GC, Masse CE, Harwood HJ, Jr, Baht S, Greenwood JR (2013) Acetyl-CoA

carboxylase inhibitors and uses thereof. US patent publication US 2013/0123231.

CLIPS

The Liver Meeting 2015 – American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) – 2015 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA

Conference: 66th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Conference Start Date: 13-Nov-2015

…candidates for minimizing IR injury in liver transplantation.Nimbus compounds targeting liver disease in rat modelsData were presented by Geraldine Harriman, from Nimbus Therapeutics, from rat models using acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors NDI-010976 (ND–630) and N-654, which improved metabolic syndrome endpoints, decreased liver steatosis, decreased expression of inflammatory markers and improved fibrosis. The hepatotropic ACC inhibitor NDI-010976 had IC50 values of 2 and 7 nM for ACC1 and 2, respectively…

REFERENCES

November 13-17 2015
The Liver Meeting 2015 – American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) – 2015 Annual Meeting San Francisco, CA, USA ,

http://www.nimbustx.com/news-events/press-releases/preclinical-proof-concept-data-novel-acc-allosteric-inhibitor-nd-630

http://www.nimbustx.com/sites/default/files/uploads/posters/poster-nimbus_easl_2015_final.pdf

	WO-2014182943

WO-2014182943

WO-2014182951

	WO-2014182945

WO-2014182945

WO-2014182950

Patent ID	Date	Patent Title
US2015203510	2015-07-23	ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF
US2013123231	2013-05-16	ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF

/////// ND 630, NDI 010976, ND-630, NDI-010976, NIMBUS, GILEAD, 1434635-54-7

O=C(O)C(C)(C)N4C(=O)c1c(C)c(sc1N(C[C@H](OC2CCOCC2)c3ccccc3OC)C4=O)c5ncco5

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Company	Theravance Biopharma Inc.
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Molecular Target
Mechanism of Action
Therapeutic Modality	Small molecule: Combination

Latest Stage of Development	Phase I
Standard Indication	Gram-negative bacterial infection
Indication Details	Treat Gram-positive bacterial infections

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Discovery and Structure−Activity Relationship of 3-Methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide (APD791): A Highly Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A Receptor Inverse Agonist for the Treatment of Arterial Thrombosis

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SEE SNAPSHOT

ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY INTERNATIONAL

Natural occurrences

Extraction and purification

Biological effects

Molecular function

Activation of PPARs

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Redox-active — not only antioxidant

Anthelmintic

Atherosclerosis

Cancer links

Estrogen receptor — more cancer links

Effects in males

Carcinogenic and toxic potential

Sanfilippo syndrome treatment

Related compounds

Glycosides

Acetylated compounds

Pharmaceutical derivatives

Figure 2. Synthesis of genistein via deoxybenzoin route or chalcone route. 10

References

External links

Technical Process for Preparation of Genistein

Acetyl CoA carboxylase 1/2 allosteric inhibitors – Nimbus Therapeutics

The Liver Meeting 2015 – American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) – 2015 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA

Discovery and Structure−Activity Relationship of 3-Methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide (APD791): A Highly Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine_2A Receptor Inverse Agonist for the Treatment of Arterial Thrombosis