extraction – All About Drugs

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Artemisia Annua L

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction of Artemisinin from Artemisia Annua L. Using Monoether based Solvents

Yongqiang Zhang, Phongphat Prawang, CHUNSHAN LI, Xiangzhan Meng, Yu Zhao, Hui Wang and Suojiang Zhang

Abstract

Artemisinin is a kind of natural antimalarial drug exhibiting low toxicity with a very fast action against malaria. Solvent extraction is the most widely used method to separate artemisinin from the Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua L. In this study, a series of monoether based solvents have been proposed to extract artemisinin and propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) was found to be the most appropriate one for this extraction. Ultrasonic irradiation was demonstrated to be able to assist artemisinin extraction. Influences of extraction conditions, including liquid/solid ratio, extraction temperature, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, on the extraction efficiency were discussed by single factor experiments, and the main influence factors were optimized by responds surface method. The extraction mechanism was explored with spectroscopic characterizations, and kinetics of this process was also studied. Results indicate that ultrasonic assisted extraction using PGME has faster extraction rate than conventional solvents, and ultrasonic can significantly enhance mass transfer. Compared with conventional extraction, the process developed here exhibited higher efficiency (13.79 mg/g vs. 13.29 mg/g) and short extraction time (decreased from 8 h to 0.5 h) at a relatively low temperature. In addition, PGME has low toxicity and volatility, making the extraction process more safe and reliable. Therefore, this proposed method demonstrates that PGME based ultrasonic assisted extraction is a rapid, efficient, simple and safe technique for natural product extraction.

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2017/GC/C7GC03191B?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2FGC+%28RSC+-+Green+Chem.+latest+articles%29#!divAbstract

/////////// Artemisinin, Artemisia Annua L, extraction

Green Chem., 2016, 18,1807-1818
DOI: 10.1039/C6GC00090H, Paper

Elisabetta Zerazion, Roberto Rosa, Erika Ferrari, Paolo Veronesi, Cristina Leonelli, Monica Saladini, Anna Maria Ferrari
LCA of the synthesis of curcumin and its direct conventional and microwave assisted extractions fromCurcuma longa L. were compared.

Phytochemical compounds or their synthetic counterparts? A detailed comparison of the quantitative environmental assessment for the synthesis and extraction of curcumin

Elisabetta Zerazion,^a Roberto Rosa,*^b Erika Ferrari,^c Paolo Veronesi,^b Cristina Leonelli,^b Monica Saladini^c and Anna Maria Ferrari^a

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2016/GC/C6GC00090H?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2FGC+%28RSC+-+Green+Chem.+latest+articles%29#!divAbstract

*Corresponding authors

^aDipartimento di Scienze e Metodi dell’Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy

^bDipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari”, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
E-mail: roberto.rosa@unimore.it
Fax: +390592056243
Tel: +390592056224

Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy

Green Chem., 2016,18, 1807-1818

DOI: 10.1039/C6GC00090H

Natural compounds represent an extremely wide category to be exploited, in order to develop new pharmaceutical strategies. In this framework, the number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of curcumin is exponentially increasing, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The possibility to obtain this molecule by both chemical synthesis and extraction from natural sources makes the environmental assessments of these alternative production processes of paramount importance from a green chemistry perspective, with the aim, for both industries and academia, to pursue a more sustainable development. The present work reports detailed and quantitative environmental assessments of three different curcumin production strategies: synthesis, conventional Soxhlet-based extraction (CE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The chemical synthesis of curcumin, as recently optimized by the authors, has been firstly evaluated by using the EATOS software followed by a complete “cradle to the grave” study, realized by applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The life cycles of CE and MAE were then similarly assessed, considering also the cultivation of Curcuma longa L., the production of the dried rhizomes as well as their commercialization, in order to firstly investigate the widely claimed green character of MAE with respect to more conventional extraction procedures. Secondly, the results related to the two different extraction strategies were compared to those obtained by the chemical synthesis of curcumin, with the aim to determine its greenest preparation procedure among those investigated. This work represents the first example of an environmental assessment comparison between different production strategies of curcumin, thus smoothing the way towards the highly desirable establishment of environmentally friendly rankings, comprising all the existing alternatives to the chemical synthesis of a target chemical compound.

/////Phytochemical compounds, synthesis, extraction, curcumin