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*Pharmaceutical Division, Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Kowa Co., Ltd., 2-17-43, Noguchicho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0022, Japan
Abstract
A practical synthesis of novel Rho-kinase inhibitor, (S)-4-fluoro-5-(2-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-ylsulfonyl)isoquinoline hydrochloride dihydrate (1) was achieved in a pilot-scale production. We have demonstrated the regioselective chlorosulfonylation of 4-fluoroisoquinoline in an one-pot reaction to afford 4-fluoroisoquinoline-5-sulfonyl chlorideand the asymmetric construction of the (S)-2-methyl-1,4-diazepane moiety as key steps.
White crystalline solid.: mp 258-259 °C (decomp);
[]20D –8.82 (c1.00, H2O);
IR (KCl) 3406, 2983, 2763, 1588, 1324, 1146, 1129 cm-1;
K-115, an isoquinolinesulfonamide compound, is a highly selective and potent (IC50 = 31 nM) Rho-kinase inhibitor; is in Phase II clinical development in patients with POAG or ocular hypertension.Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (Glanatec® ophthalmic solution 0.4 %; hereafter referred to as ripasudil) is a small-molecule, Rho-associated kinase inhibitor developed by Kowa Company, Ltd. for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. This compound, which was originally discovered by D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by directly acting on the trabecular meshwork, thereby increasing conventional outflow through the Schlemm’s canal.
Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate was first approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Sept 26, 2014. It was developed and marketed as Glanatek® by Kowa Pharmaceuticals.
Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate is the first drug that can inhibit the rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK). It is indicated for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Glanatek® is available as solution (0.4%) for ophthalmic use, containing 4 mg of free Ripasudil per millimeter, and the recommended dose is one drop twice daily.
As a result of this mechanism of action, ripasudil may offer additive effects in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension when used in combination with agents such as prostaglandin analogues (which increase uveoscleral outflow) and β blockers (which reduce aqueous production).
The eye drop product has been approved in Japan for the twice-daily treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, when other therapeutic agents are not effective or cannot be administered. Phase II study is underway for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
K-115 is a Rho-kinase inhibitor as ophthalmic solution originally developed by Kowa and D Western Therapeutics Institute (DWTI). The product candidate was approved and launched in Japan for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in 2014.
In 2002, the compound was licensed to Kowa Pharmaceutical by D Western Therapeutics Institute (DWTI) in Japan for the treatment of glaucoma. The compound is currently in phase II clinical trials at the company for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
Use of (S)-(-)-1-(4- fluoro-5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl)-2-methyl-1,4-homopiperazine (ripasudil hydrochloride, first disclosed in WO9920620), in the form of eye drops, for the treatment of retinal diseases, particularly diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration.
Follows on from WO2012105674 by claiming a combination of the same compound. Kowa, under license from D Western Therapeutics Institute, has developed the Rho kinase inhibitor ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (presumed to be Glanatek) as an eye drop formulation for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension which was approved in Japan in September 2014..
The company is also developing the agent for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, for which it is in phase II trial as of October 2014.
Ripasudil (Glanatec) is a drug used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is approved for use in Japan as a 0.4% ophthalmic solution.[1]
A Practical Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 3-methyl-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate, the key intermediate of Rho-kinase inhibitor K-115
Synthesis (Stuttgart) 2012, 44(20): 3171
practical synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 3-methyl-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate has been established for supplying this key intermediate of Rho–kinase inhibitor K-115 in a multikilogram production. The chiral 1,4-diazepane was constructed by intramolecular Fukuyama–Mitsunobu cyclization of a N-nosyl diamino alcohol starting from the commercially available (S)- or (R)-2-aminopropan-1-ol. In the same manner, an enantiomeric pair of a structural isomer were prepared for demonstration of the synthetic utility.
The including prevention and treatment cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebrovascular disorders such as cerebral edema, the present invention relates to a salt thereof or isoquinoline derivatives useful as therapeutic agents, particularly glaucoma.
(S) – (-) -1 – (4 – fluoro-iso-5 – yl) sulfonyl – 2 – methyl -1,4 – diazepane the following formula (1):
It is a compound represented by the particular it is a crystalline water-soluble, not hygroscopic, because it is excellent in chemical stability, it is useful as a medicament has been known for its hydrochloride dihydrate ( refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2). -5 Isoquinoline of these – the sulfonamide compounds, that prophylactic and therapeutic agents for cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebrovascular disorders such as cerebral edema, is useful as a therapeutic agent for preventing and glaucoma in particular is known (1-5 see Patent Document 1).
Conventionally, for example, a method of manufacturing by the method described in Patent Document 1, as shown in the following production process has been reported preparation of said compound (Production Method 1-A).
That is, (S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl – 3 – by reacting the presence of triethylamine in methylene chloride-fluoro-isoquinoline (2) – methyl -1,4 – diazepane and 5 (3) – chloro-sulfonyl -4 by adding trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride compound (the first step), obtained following (4) to synthesize a compound (4) by deprotection to (second step) the desired compound (1) This is a method of manufacturing.
It is also an important intermediate for preparing the compound (1) (S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl – 3 – methyl-1 ,4 – diazepane to (3), for example, in the following manner (; see JP Production Process 1-B) that can be produced is known.
Further, on the other hand, the compound (1) (see Patent Document 1) to be manufactured manufacturing routes such as: Any (Process 2) are known.
WO 1999/20620 pamphlet WO 2006/057397 pamphlet WO 1997/028130 pamphlet JP Patent Publication No. 2006-348028 JP Patent Publication No. 2006-290827
However, it is possible to produce in the laboratory of a small amount scale, but you place the point of view for mass industrial production, environmentally harmful halogenated hydrocarbon solvent in the compound of the above-mentioned process for producing 1-A is ( problem because it is carried out coupling step (3) and 2), giving significant adverse environmental exists. Therefore, solvent of halogenated hydrocarbon other than those listed to the specification of the patent document 1, for example, I tried actually dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the like, but the present coupling reaction will be some progress indeed, Problems reaction is not completed raw material remained even after prolonged reaction time, yield undesirably stays in at most 30% was found. Furthermore, it is hard to decompose in the environment, elimination is also difficult to dioxane is not preferred irritating to humans, and are known as compounds that potentially harmful brain, kidney and liver .
When we actually produced compound (3) by the above production method 1-B, can be obtained desired compound in good yield merged with reproducibility is difficult has further been found that. That is, in the production path, 1,4 – and is used sodium hydride with dimethyl sulfoxide in forming a diazepane ring, except that I actually doing this step, Tsu than the reproducibility of the desired compound It could not be obtained in high yield Te. Also, that this is due to the synthetic route through the unstable intermediate, that it would be converted into another compound easily found this way. limitations and potential problems of the present production process is exposed since this stability may affect the reproducibility of the reaction.
Meanwhile, an attempt to carry out mass production is actually in the Process 2, it encounters various problems. For example, it is stored as an impurity whenever I repeat step, by-products formed in each stage by tandem production process ranging from step 8 gave more complex impurity profile. Depending, it is necessary to repeat a complicated recrystallization purity obtained as a medicine until the purification, the yield in the laboratory be a good overall yield is significantly reduced in the mass production of actual example be away, it does not have industrial utility of true was found. It can be summarized as follows: Considering from the viewpoint of GMP process control required for pharmaceutical production these problems.
Requires control process and numerous complex ranging 1) to 8 step, 3 2) third step – amino-1 – in the step of reacting a propanol, a difficult to remove positional isomers are mixed, 3) The fourth step water is mixed by the minute liquid extraction operation at the time of return to the free base from oxalate require crystallization purification by oxalate in the removal of contaminants of positional isomers, in 4) fifth step, 5) sixth step The Mitsunobu by reproducibility poor require water control in the Mitsunobu reaction used in the ring closure compounds to (1) compounds in (6), 6) ring closure reaction, departing management of the reagent added or the like is generated, in 7) Seventh Step it takes a complicated purification in impurity removal after the reaction, resulting in a decrease in isolated yield. These are issues that must be solved in order to provide a stable supply of raw material for pharmaceuticals high chemical purity is required.
Thus, gentle salt thereof, or the environment isoquinoline derivative comprising a compound represented by the formula (1), the present invention provides a novel production method having good reproducibility and high purity easily and in high yield I intended.
As a result of intensive studies in view of such circumstances, the present inventors, in the manufacturing process of the final target compound shown by the following expression
(Wherein represents a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine,may,R 3 and 1, R 2 R represents a C 1-4 alkyl group be the same or different from each other, and P, X 1 is a protecting group shows a, 0 to m represents an integer of 3, 0 to n is. represents an integer of 3)
Is a urea-based solvents nitrile solvents, amide solvents, sulfoxide or solvents, the solvent may be preferably used in the coupling step of the compound (III) and (II) are generally very short time With these solvents It has been found that can be converted to the desired product quantitatively. It is possible to carry out the coupling step Volume scale while maintaining a high yield by using these solvents, there is no need to use a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent to give significant adverse environment. In consideration of the process such as removal of the solvent after the reaction was further found that acetonitrile is the best among these solvents. Also, since by using hydrochloric acid with ethyl acetate solvent in step deprotection can be isolated as crystal of hydrochloride desired compound (I), without going through the manipulation of solvent evaporation complicated , it has been found that it is possible to obtain the object compound (I) is a simpler operating procedure. Since there is no need to use a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent in this deprotection step further, there is no possibility of harming the environment.
It has been found that it is possible in mass production of (II), leading to the target compound purity, in high yield with good reproducibility as compared with the conventional method compounds are important intermediates in the coupling step further. That is, was it possible to lead to the intermediate high purity and in high yield by eliminating the production of a harmful halogenated hydrocarbon solvent to the environment in this manner. 1,4 addition – in order to avoid the problems encountered in the reaction using sodium hydride in dimethyl sulfoxide in forming the diazepane ring, in order to allow the cyclization reaction at mild conditions more, as a protecting group By performing the Mitsunobu reaction using Noshiru group instead of the carbobenzyloxy group, in addition to one step shorten the manufacturing process of the whole, without deteriorating the optical purity was successfully obtained the desired compound desired.
Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (Glanatec)
Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (Glanatec) was approved in Japan in 2014 for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
219 Originally discovered by D. Western Therapeutics Institute,Inc. and licensed by the Kowa Company, Ltd, ripasudil
functions as a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor and reduces intraocular pressure by stimulation of aqueous humour drainage of the
trabecular meshwork.219–221
While this recent approval allows for use of ripasudil as a twice-daily monotherapy treatment when
other drugs cannot be used or are not effective, clinical trials using ripasudil as a combination therapy with other glaucoma
drugs have shown promising results in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.222,223 Currently, the
Kowa Company is also pursuing trials focused on the use of ripasudil for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.224
While initial synthetic routes to ripasudil were carried out via a stepwise functionalization of 4-fluoroisoquinoline-5-sulfonylchloride (238),225,226 more recent reports describe an efficient route to ripasudil employing a late stage-coupling of Boc-diazepane
(237) with 4-fluoroisoquinoline-5-sulfonyl chloride (238), enabling synthesis on multi-kilogram scale and isolation of the
drug in high purity (Scheme 40).221,227,228 This optimized route to ripasudil begins with 2-nitrobenzene sulfonyl chloride (NsCl)-
mediated protection of (S)-2-amino-1-propanol (234) in 82% yield.
In this case, use of the NaHCO3/THF/H2O conditions were essential for preventing bis-nosylation.228 Alcohol activation with methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl) in N-methyl morpholine (NMM) took place smoothly to give the corresponding mesylate 235 in 91%
yield. Direct mesylate displacement with 3-aminopropanol and subsequent amine protection as the carbamate ((Boc)2O) in a
one-pot fashion provided the corresponding Boc-amino propanol product 236 in 95% yield over 2 steps.
With the acyclic diazepane precursor 236 in hand, employment of the intramolecular Fukuyama-Mitsunobu N-alkyl cyclization conditions (diisopropylazodicarboxylate (DIAD)/PPh3) allowed generation of the diazepane in 75% yield. Nosyl group cleavage with thiophenol/K2CO3provided the Boc-diazepane 237 in 65% overall yield and 98% purity following a pH-controlled aqueous workup.
Finally, 4-fluoroisoquinoline- 5-sulfonyl chloride (238)—prepared via subjection of 4- fluoroisoquinoline (239, Scheme 41)229 to sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid followed by treatment with thionyl chloride and finally 4 N HCl in ethyl acetate—was involved in a 1-pot, two-step procedure in which this sulfonyl chloride was coupled with diazepane 237 (TEA/MeCN) to access the ripasudil framework in quantitative yield.
Synthesis of the final drug target by deprotection with 4 MHCl in ethyl acetate followed by neutralization with aqueoussodium hydroxide provided the free base of ripasudil in 93% yield and 99.8% purity. Conversion to the more stable hydrochloride dihydrate form could be performed by treatment of the free base with 1 M HCl/EtOH and subsequent heating of the hydrochloride in H2O/acetone to provide ripasudil hydrochloride dihydrate XXIX in 83% yield.230,231
219. Garnock, J. P. K. Drugs 2014, 74, 2211.
220. Isobe, T.; Mizuno, K.; Kaneko, Y.; Ohta, M.; Koide, T.; Tanabe, S. Curr. Eye Res.2014, 39, 813.
221. Sumi, K.; Inoue, Y.; Nishio, M.; Naito, Y.; Hosoya, T.; Suzuki, M.; Hidaka, H.
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2014, 24, 831.
222. Mizuno, K. WO Patent 2,012,105,674, 2012.
223. Mizuno, K.; Matsumoto, J. WO Patent 2,007,007,737, 2007.
224. http://clinicaltrials.jp/user/cteDetail.jsp.
225. Gomi, N.; Ohgiya, T.; Shibuya, K. WO Patent 2,012,026,529, 2012.
226. Hidaka, H.; Nishio, M.; Sumi, K. US Patent 20,080,064,681, 2008.
227. Gomi, N.; Kouketsu, A.; Ohgiya, T.; Shibuya, K. Synthesis 2012, 44, 3171.
228. Gomi, N.; Ohgiya, T.; Shibuya, K.; Katsuyama, J.; Masumoto, M.; Sakai, H.Heterocycles 2011, 83, 1771.
229. Sakai, H.; Masunoto, M.; Katsuyama, J.; Onogi, K. WO Patent 2006090783A1,2006.
230. Hidaka, H.; Matsuura, A. WO Patent 1999020620A1, 1999.
231. Ohshima, T.; Hidaka, H.; Shiratsuchi, M.; Onogi, K.; Oda, T. US Patent7858615B2, 2008.
H-NMR spectral analysis
CAS NO. 223645-67-8, 4-fluoro-5-[[(2S)-2-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]sulfonyl]isoquinoline H-NMR spectral analysis
C-NMR spectral analysis
CAS NO. 223645-67-8, 4-fluoro-5-[[(2S)-2-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]sulfonyl]isoquinoline C-NMR spectral analysis
Tanihara, H; Inoue, T; Yamamoto, T; Kuwayama, Y; Abe, H; Suganami, H; Araie, M; the K-115 Clinical Study Group (2014). “Intra-ocular pressure-lowering effects of a Rho kinase inhibitor, ripasudil (K-115), over 24 hours in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: A randomized, open-label, crossover study”. Acta Ophthalmologica: n/a. doi:10.1111/aos.12599. PMID25487877.
To a solution of 4-bromobenzene-l,2-diamine (2.5 g, 13.37 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid (3.09 g, 13.37 mmol), DIPEA (2.334 mL, 13.37 mmol) and HATU (5.08 g, 13.37 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by ISCO using 40 g Redisep silica column, CHCl3/MeOH as eluant to obtain (S)-tert-butyl ( 1 -((2-amino-4-bromophenyl)amino)-3 ,3 -dimethyl- 1 -oxobutan-2-yl) carbamate (1.82 g) as yellow solid. LC (Condition 1): Rt = 2.13 min. LC/MS: Anal. Calcd. for [M+H20]+ Ci7H27BrN204 : 402.12; found 402.2. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, δ = 2.50 ppm, 400 MHz): δ 9.35 – 9.21 (m, 1 H), 7.07 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.91 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.80 – 6.60 (m, 1 H), 5.25 – 5.01 (m, 2 H), 4.07 – 3.89 (m, 1 H), 1.52 – 1.34 (m, 9 H), 1.02 – 0.86 (m, 9 H).
Example B-l, Step b
Acetic acid (15 mL) was added to (S)-tert-butyl (l-((2-amino-4-bromo phenyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (1.8 g, 4.50 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated to 65 °C for overnight. The volatile component was removed in vacuo, and the residue was co-evaporated with dry CH2C12 (2 x 15 mL). The organic phase was washed with saturated NaHC03 solution, brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated to obtain (S)-tert-butyl (l-(6-bromo-lH-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl propyl)carbamate (1.68 g) as yellow solid. LC (Condition 1): Rt = 2.19 min. LC/MS: Anal. Calcd. for [M+H]+ Ci7H25BrN302 : 381.11; found 382.2. 1H NMR (DMSO-dg, δ = 2.50 ppm, 300 MHz): δ 12.46 – 12.27 (m, 1 H), 7.82 – 7.65 (m, 1 H), 7.59 – 7.41 (m, 1 H), 7.29 (dt, J= 1.9, 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.12 – 6.90 (m, 1 H), 4.64 (d, J= 9.8 Hz, 1 H), 1.44 – 1.27 (m, 9 H), 0.88 (br. s., 9 H).
-1 Step c
To a solution of (S)-tert-butyl (l-(6-bromo-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl propyl) carbamate (1.57 g, 4.11 mmol) in dioxane (25 mL) was added bis (pinacolato)diboron (1.564 g, 6.16 mmol) and potassium acetate (1.209 g, 12.32 mmol). The reaction mixture was purged with argon for 10 min then PdCl2(dppf) (0.150 g, 0.205 mmol) was added to the above reaction mixture and again purged with argon for 5 min. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (15 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 25 ml). The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by ISCO using 40 g Redisep column, hexane/ethyl acetate as eluant to afford (S)-tert-butyl (2,2-dimethyl-l-(6-(4,4,5 ,5-tetramethyl- 1 ,3 ,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)- 1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propyl) carbamate (1.35 g) as yellow solid. LC (Condition 1): Rt = 2.21 min. LC/MS: Anal. Calcd. for [M+H]+ C23H37BN304 : 430.29; found 430.4. 1H NMR (CD3OD, δ = 3.34 ppm, 400 MHz): δ 7.98 (s, 1 H), 7.65 (dd, J= 1.0, 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.53(d, J= 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.73 (br. s., 1 H), 1.37 (s, 12 H), 1.24 (m, 9 H), 1.01 (s, 9 H).
-1 Step d
To a solution of (S)-tert-butyl (2,2-dimethyl-l-(6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propyl)carbamate (1.114 g, 2.59 mmol) and 4,16-dibromo[2,2]paracyclophane (0.38g, 1.038 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added Cs2C03 (0.845 g, 2.59 mmol) in water (2 mL) and degassed for 10 min.
PdCl2(dppf) (0.038 g, 0.052 mmol) was added to the above reaction mixture and again degassed for 5 min. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 12 h. Then the reaction mixture was filtered to get Example B-1 Step d which was taken for next step without further purification. LC (Condition 1): Rt = 2.54 min. LC/MS: Anal. Calcd. for [M+H]+ ^0Η63Ν6Ο4 : 811.49; found 811.6. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, δ = 2.50 ppm, 300 MHz): δ 12.36 (br. s., 2 H), 7.85 – 7.52 (m, 4 H), 7.32 (d, J= 7.9 Hz, 2 H), 7.05 (br. s., 2 H), 6.89 – 6.67 (m, 4 H), 6.54 (br. s., 2 H), 4.72 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2 H), 3.57 – 3.44 (m, 2 H), 3.07 (br. s., 2 H), 2.83 (br. s., 2 H), 2.65 (br. s., 2 H), 1.36 (s, 18 H), 1.08 – 0.91 (m, 18 H).
-1 Step e
HC1 in dioxane (4 mL, 24.00 mmol) was added to Example B-1 Step d (0.1 g,
0.102 mmol), and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at RT for 2 h. Completion of the reaction was monitored by LCMS. The volatile component was removed in vacuo and the residue was washed with diethyl ether and dried to afford Example B-1 Step e (0.07 g) as yellow solid. LC (Condition 1): R, = 2.54 min. LC/MS: Anal.
To a solution of Example B-1 Step e (0.04 g, 0.053 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (0.017 g, 0.106 mmol), DIPEA (0.055 mL, 0.317 mmol) and HATU (0.030 g, 0.079 mmol). After being stirred for 2 h at room temperature, the volatile component was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in DCM (10 mL), washed with saturated solution of NH4C1, 10% NaHC03 solution, brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC purification to give Example B-1 as a white solid. LC (Condition 1): R, = 2.37 min. LC/MS: Anal. Calcd. for [M+H]+
Starting materials can be obtained from commercial sources or prepared by well-established literature methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Acid precursors for the final step can be prepared according to the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 13/933495, filed July 2, 2013.
LC/MS Condition 1
Column = Ascentis Express C18, 2.1 X 50 mm, 2.7 um
Solvent A = CH3CN (2%) + 10 mM NH4COOH in H20 (98%)
Solvent B = CH3CN (98%) + 10 mM NH4COOH in H20 (2%)
Start %B = 0; Final %B = 100
Gradient time = 1.4 min; Stop time = 4 min
Stop time = 4 min
Flow Rate = 1 mL/min; Wavelength = 220 nm
LC/MS Condition 2
Column = Waters BEH CI 8, 2.0 x 50 mm, 1.7 μιη
Slovent A = ACN (5%) + H20 (95%) containing 10 mM NH4OAc
Solvent B = ACN (95%) + H20 (5%) containing 10 mM NH4OAc
Start %B = 0; Final %B = 100
Gradient time = 3 min
Flow Rate = 1 mL/min
Wavelength = 220 nm
Temperature = 50 °C
LC/MS Condition 3
Column: Waters Phenomenex CI 8, 2.0 x 30 mm, 3 μιη particle
Mobile Phase A: 10% MeOH:90% Water :0.1%TFA
Mobile Phase B: 90% MeOH: 10% Water :0.1%TFA
Gradient: 0%B, 0-100% B over 3 minutes, then a 1 -minute hold at 100% B Flow: 0.8mL/min
Detection: 220 nm
Temperature: 40 °C
LC/MS Condition 4
Column: Waters BEH CI 8, 2.0 x 50 mm, 1.7 μιη particle
Mobile Phase A: 5:95 acetonitrile: water with 10 mM ammonium acetate Mobile Phase B: 95:5 acetonitrile: water with 10 mM ammonium acetate Gradient: 0%B, 0-100% B over 3 minutes, then a 0.5-minute hold at 100% B Flow: 1 mL/min
Phase II clinical development at AbbVie (previously Abbott) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in combination with ABT-450/ritonavir and, in combination with peginterferon alpha-2a/ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV) in treatment naïve Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infected patients.
Ombitasvir is Dimethyl ([(2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl) pyrrolidine-2,5diyl]bis{benzene-4,1-diylcarbamoyl(2S)pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl[(2S)-3-methyl-1-oxobutane-1,2diyl]})biscarbamate hydrate. The molecular formula is C50H67N7O8•4.5H2O (hydrate) and the molecular weight for the drug substance is 975.20 (hydrate).
Ombitasvir is in phase II clinical development at AbbVie (previously Abbott) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in combination with ABT-450/ritonavir and, in combination with peginterferon alpha-2a/ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV) in treatment naïve Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infected patients.
Ombitasvir is part of a fixed-dose formulation with ABT-450/ritonavir that is approved in the U.S. and the E.U.
In January 2013, Abbott spun-off its research-based pharmaceutical business into a newly-formed company AbbVie. In 2013, breakthrough therapy designation was assigned in the U.S. for the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C in combination with ABT-450, ritonavir and ABT-333, with and without ribavirin.
Ombitasvir acts by inhibiting the HCV protein NS5A.[5]
Ombitasvir is an orally available inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) replication complex, with potential activity against HCV. Upon oral administration and after intracellular uptake, ombitasvir binds to and blocks the activity of the NS5A protein. This results in the disruption of the viral RNA replication complex, blockage of HCV RNA production, and inhibition of viral replication. NS5A, a zinc-binding and proline-rich hydrophilic phosphoprotein, plays a crucial role in HCV RNA replication. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family; HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Ombitasvir hydrate is a NS5A non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor which is approved as part of a four drug combination for the
treatment of adults with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection including those with compensated cirrhosis.REF 6,7
The four drug combination treatment consists of ombitasvir, paritaprevir (XXVII), ritonavir, and dasabuvir (X). This combination treatment is marketed as Viekira PakTM and was developed by Abbvie as an all oral treatment that eliminates the need for pegylated interferon-a injections.
The synthesis of ombitasvir hydrate is shown in Scheme 34.REF 8 Alkylation of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone (209)
with 2-bromo-1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone (208) in the presence of zinc chloride produced diketone 210 in 61% yield.
Asymmetric reduction of the diketone using N,N-diethylaniline borane with (S)-()-a,a-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol (211) and trimethoxyborate gave diol 212 in 61% yield and 99.3% ee.
The diol was then treated with methanesulfonic anhydride to generate the corresponding bis-mesylate which was reacted with 4-tert-butylaniline to give pyrrolidine 213 in 51% yield over the two steps.
Hydrogenolysis of the nitro groups was accomplished using Raney nickel catalyst to give bis-aniline 214.
Separately, (L)-valine (216,Scheme 35) was reacted with methyl chloroformate to give the corresponding methyl carbamate in 90% yield which was coupled to L-proline benzyl ester in the presence of EDC and HOBt to give the corresponding dipeptide in 90% yield.
Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl ester group of the protected dipeptide using Pd/alumina catalyst produced dipeptide acid 215. Aniline 214 was treated with two equivalents of acid 215 in the presence of 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P). The crude product was recrystallized from ethanol and heptane to give ombitasvir hydrate (XXV). No yields were provided to the final steps of this synthesis.
7. DeGoey, D. A.; Randolph, J. T.; Liu, D.; Pratt, J.; Hutchins, C.; Donner, P.;Krueger, A. C.; Matulenko, M.; Patel, S.; Motter, C. E.; Nelson, L.; Keddy, R.;Tufano, M.; Caspi, D. D.; Krishnan, P.; Mistry, N.; Koev, G.; Reisch, T. J.;Mondal, R.; Pilot-Matias, T.; Gao, Y.; Beno, D. W.; Maring, C. J.; Molla, A.;Dumas, E.; Campbell, A.; Williams, L.; Collins, C.; Wagner, R.; Kati, W. M. J.
Med. Chem. 2014, 57, 2047. 8. DeGoey, D. A.; Kati, W. M.; Hutchins, C. W.; Donner, P. L.; Krueger, A. C.;Randolph, J. T.; Motter, C. E.; Nelson, L. T.; Patel, S. V.; Matulenko, M. A.;Keddy, R. G.; Jinkerson, T. K.; Soltwedel, T. N.; Liu, D.; Pratt, J. K.; Rockway, T.W.; Maring, C. J.; Hutchinson, D. K.; Flentge, C. A.; Wagner, R.; Tufano, M. D.;Betebenner, D. A.; Lavin, M. J.; Sarris, K.; Woller, K. R.; Wagaw, S. H.; Califano,
J. C.; Li, W.; Caspi, D. D.; Bellizzi, M. E. US Patent 2010317568A1, 2010.
We describe here N-phenylpyrrolidine-based inhibitors of HCV NS5A with excellent potency, metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetics. Compounds with 2S,5S stereochemistry at the pyrrolidine ring provided improved genotype 1 (GT1) potency compared to the 2R,5Ranalogues. Furthermore, the attachment of substituents at the 4-position of the central N-phenyl group resulted in compounds with improved potency. Substitution with tert-butyl, as in compound 38 (ABT-267), provided compounds with low-picomolar EC50 values and superior pharmacokinetics. It was discovered that compound 38 was a pan-genotypic HCV inhibitor, with an EC50 range of 1.7–19.3 pM against GT1a, -1b, -2a, -2b, -3a, -4a, and -5a and 366 pM against GT6a. Compound 38 decreased HCV RNA up to 3.10 log10 IU/mL during 3-day monotherapy in treatment-naive HCV GT1-infected subjects and is currently in phase 3 clinical trials in combination with an NS3 protease inhibitor with ritonavir (r) (ABT-450/r) and an NS5B non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (ABT-333), with and without ribavirin.
Dimethyl (2S,2′S)-1,1′-((2S,2′S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl))bis(3-methyl-1-oxobutane-2,1-diyl)dicarbamate (38)…desired and Dimethyl (2S,2′S)-1,1′-((2S,2′S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl))bis(3-methyl-1-oxobutane-2,1-diyl)dicarbamate (39)…….undesired
…………….. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, brine (2×) and dried with Na2SO4. The drying agent was filtered off and the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product that was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with a solvent gradient of 2–8% methanol in dichloromethane to give a 1:1 mixture of trans-pyrrolidine isomers (290 mg, 96%). The mixture was separated on a Chiralpak AD-H column, eluting with a mixture of 1 part (2:1 isopropanol/ethanol) and 2 parts hexanes (0.1% TFA).
Example 34A l-(4-fer?-butylphenyl)-2,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine The product from Example 1C (3.67 g, 7.51 mmol) and 4-tert-butylaniline (11.86 ml, 75 mmol) in DMF (40 ml) was stirred under nitrogen at 50 °C for 4 h. The resulting mixture was diluted into ethyl acetate, treated with IM HCl, stirred for 10 minutes and filtered to remove solids. The filtrate organic layer was washed twice with brine, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (5% to 30%) to give a solid. The solid was triturated in a minimal volume of 1 :9 ethyl acetate/hexane to give a light yellow solid as a mixture of trans and cis isomers (1.21 g, 36%).
Example 34B 4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)dianiline and 4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-fert- butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)dianiline To a solution of the product from Example 34A (1.1 g, 2.47 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml) and
THF (20 ml) was added PtC>2 (0.22 g, 0.97 mmol) in a 50 ml pressure bottle and stirred under 30 psi hydrogen at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was filtered through a nylon membrane and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (20% to 60%). The title compound eluted as the first of 2 stereoisomers (trans isomer, 0.51 g, 54%).
Example 34C
(2S,2’S)-tert-Butyl 2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-fer/’-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)dipyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate and (2S,2’S)-tert-Butyl 2,2′- (4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)dipyrrolidine-1-carboxylate To a mixture of the product from Example 34B (250 mg, 0.648 mmol), (S)-1-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (307 mg, 1.427 mmol) and HATU (542 mg, 1.427 mmol) in DMSO (10 ml) was added Hunig’s base (0.453 ml, 2.59 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was partitioned with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (10% to 50%) to give the title compound (500 mg, 99%).
Example 34D
(2S,2’S)-N,N’-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-ter/’-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))dipyrrolidine-2-carboxamide and (2S,2’S)-N,N’-(4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-tert- butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l-phenylene))dipyrrolidine-2-carboxamide To the product from Example 34C (498 mg, 0.638 mmol) in dichloromethane (4 ml) was added TFA (6 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between 3: 1 CHCl3dsopropyl alcohol and saturated aq. NaHCO3. The aqueous layer was extracted by 3: 1 CHCl3:isopropyl alcohol again. The combined organic layers were dried over
filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (345 mg, 93%).
Example 34E Dimethyl (2S,2’S)-l,r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-fert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 -oxobutane-2, 1 – diyl)dicarbamate and
The product from Example 34D (29.0 mg, 0.050 mmol), (S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3- methylbutanoic acid (19.27 mg, 0.110 mmol), EDAC (21.09 mg, 0.110 mmol), HOBT (16.85 mg,
0.110 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (0.027 ml, 0.250 mmol) were combined in DMF (2 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The mixture was partitioned with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine twice, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (50% to 80%) to give a solid. The solid was triturated with ethyl acetate/hexane to give the title compound (13 mg, 29%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ ppm 0.85 – 0.95 (m, 12 H) 1.11 (s, 9 H) 1.59 – 1.65 (m, 2 H) 1.79 – 2.04 (m, 8 H) 2.10 – 2.18 (m, 2 H) 2.41-2.46 (m, 2H) 3.52 (s, 6 H)
Hz, 2 H) 7.50 (d, J=8.24 Hz, 4 H) 9.98 (s, 2 H); (ESI+) m/z 895 (M+H)+. The title compound showed an EC50 value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV lb-Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.
The product from Example 34E was purified by chiral chromatography on a Chiralpak AD-H semi-prep column eluting with a 2:1 mixture of hexane:(2: l isopropyl alcohol: EtOH). The title compound was the second of 2 diastereomers to elute. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ ppm 0.87
Example 37A (S)-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoate To a mixture of (S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoic acid (19.66 g, 112 mmol) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (13.29g, 116 mmol) was added ethyl acetate (250 ml), and the mixture was cooled to 0-5 °C. Diisopropylcarbodiimide (13.88 g, 110 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0-5 °C for about 1 hour. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. The solids (diisopropylurea by-product) were filtered and rinsed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to an oil. Isopropyl alcohol (200 ml) was added to the oil and the mixture was heated to about 50 °C to obtain a homogeneous solution. Upon cooling, crystalline solids formed. The solids were filtered and washed with isopropyl alcohol (3 x 20 ml) and dried to give the title compound as a white solid (23.2 g, 77% yield).
Example 37B
(S)- 1 -((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid To a mixture of L-proline (4.44g, 38.6 mmol), water (20 ml), acetonitrile (20 ml) and DIEA (9.5 g, 73.5 mmol) was added a solution of the product from Example 37A (1Og, 36.7 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 inL) over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solution was concentrated under vacuum to remove the acetonitrile. To the resulting clear water solution was added 6N HCl (9 ml) until pH ~ 2 .The solution was transferred to a separatory funnel and 25% NaCl (10 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (75 ml), and then again with ethyl acetate (6 x 20 ml), and the combined extracts were washed with 25% NaCl (2 x 10ml). The solvent was evaporated to give a thick oil. Heptane was added and the solvent was evaporated to give a foam, which was dried under high vacuum. Diethyl ether was added and the solvent was evaporated to give a foam, which was dried under high vacuum to give the title compound (10.67g) as a white solid.
The compound of Example 37B can also be prepreared according to the following procedure: To a flask was charged L- valine (35 g, 299 mmol), IN sodium hydroxide solution (526 ml,
526 mmol) and sodium carbonate (17.42 g, 164 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 min to dissolve solids and then cooled to 15 °C. Methyl chloroformate (29.6 g, 314 mmol) was added slowly to the reaction mixture. The mixture was then stirred at rt for 30 min. The mixture was cooled to 15 °C and pH adjusted to -5.0 with concentrated HCl solution. 100 inL of 2-methytetrahydrofuran (2- MeTHF) was added and the adjustment of pH continued until the pH reached ~ 2.0. 150 mL of 2- MeTHF was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. Layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with 100 mL of 2-MeTHF. The combined organic layer was dried over anhyd Na2SC^ and filtered, and Na2SC^ cake was washed with 50 mL of 2-MeTHF. The product solution was concentrated to ~ 100 mL, chased with 120 mL of IPAc twice. 250 mL of heptanes was charged slowly and then the volume of the mixture was concentrated to 300 mL. The mixture was heated to 45 °C and 160 mL of heptanes charged. The mixture was cooled to rt in 2h, stirred for 30 min, filtered and washed with 2-MeTHF/heptanes mixture (1:7, 80 inL). The wetcake was dried at 55 °C for 24 h to give 47.1 g of Moc-L- VaI-OH product as a white solid (90%).
Moc-L- VaI-OH (15O g, 856 mmol), HOBt hydrate (138 g, 899 mmol) and DMF (1500 ml) were charged to a flask. The mixture was stirred for 15 min to give a clear solution. EDC hydrochloride (172 g, 899 mmol) was charged and mixed for 20 min. The mixture was cooled to 13
°C and (L)-proline benzyl ester hydrochloride (207 g, 856 mmol) charged. Triethylamine (109 g,
1079 mmol) was then charged in 30 min. The resulting suspension was mixed at rt for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 15 °C and 1500 mL of 6.7% NaHCO3 charged in 1.5 h, followed by the addition of 1200 mL of water over 60 min. The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min, filtered and washed with water/DMF mixture (1 :2, 250 mL) and then with water (1500 mL). The wetcake was dried at 55 °C for 24 h to give 282 g of product as a white solid (90%).
The resulting solids (40 g) and 5% Pd/ Alumina were charged to a Parr reactor followed by THF (160 mL). The reactor was sealed and purged with nitrogen (6 x 20 psig) followed by a hydrogen purge (6 x 30 psig). The reactor was pressurized to 30 psig with hydrogen and agitated at room temperature for approximately 15 hours. The resulting slurry was filtered through a GF/F filter and concentrated to approximately 135 g solution. Heptane was added (120 mL), and the solution was stirred until solids formed. After an addition 2 – 3 hours additional heptane was added drop-wise (240 mL), the slurry was stirred for approximately 1 hour, then filtered. The solids were dried to afford the title compound.
The product from Example 32 (5.01 g, 13.39 mmol) was combined with 2- methyltetrahydrofuran (70 mL) and cooled to -5 °C, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (6.81 g, 52.7 mmol) was added over 30 seconds. Separately, a solution of methanesulfonic anhydride (6.01 g, 34.5 mmol) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was prepared and added to the diol slurry over 3 min., maintaining the internal temperature between -15 °C and -25 °C. After mixing for 5 min at -15 °C, the cooling bath was removed and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to 23 °C and mixed for 30 minutes. After reaction completion, the crude slurry was carried immediately into the next step.
To the crude product solution from Example 37C (7.35 g, 13.39 mmol) was added 4-tert- butylaniline (13.4 g, 90 mmol) at 23 °C over 1 minute. The reaction was heated to 65 °C for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to 23 °C and diluted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and 1 M HCl (150 mL). After partitioning the phases, the organic phase was treated with 1 M HCl (140 mL), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (50 mL), and 25 wt% aq. NaCl (100 mL), and the phases were partitioned. The organic phase was washed with 25 wt% aq. NaCl (50 mL), dried over MgSO/t, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to approximately 20 mL. Heptane (30 mL) and additional 2- methyltetrahydrofuran were added in order to induce crystallization. The slurry was concentrated further, and additional heptane (40 mL) was slowly added and the slurry was filtered, washing with 2- methyltetrahydrofuran:heptane (1:4, 20 mL). The solids were suspended in MeOH (46 mL) for 3 h, filtered, and the wet solid was washed with additional MeOH (18 mL). The solid was dried at 45 °C in a vacuum oven for 16 h to provide the title compound (3.08 g, 51% 2-step yield).
To a 160 ml Parr stirrer hydrogenation vessel was added the product from Example 37D (2 g, 4.49 mmol), followed by 60 ml of THF, and Raney Nickel Grace 2800 (1 g, 50 wt% (dry basis)) under a stream of nitrogen. The reactor was assembled and purged with nitrogen (8 x 20 psig) followed by purging with hydrogen (8 x 30 psig). The reactor was then pressurized to 30 psig with hydrogen and agitation (700 rpm) began and continued for a total of 16 h at room temperature. The slurry was filtered by vacuum filtration using a GF/F Whatman glass fiber filter. Evaporation of the filtrate to afford a slurry followed by the addition heptane and filtration gave the crude title compound, which was dried and used directly in the next step.
Example 37F dimethyl (2S,2’S)-l,r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4, l- phenylene)bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene))bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 -oxobutane-2, 1 – diy 1) die arb amate To a solution of the product from Example 37E (1.64 g, 4.25 mmol) in DMF (20 ml), the product from Example 37B (2.89 g, 10.63 mmol), and HATU (4.04 g, 10.63 mmol) in DMF (15OmL) was added triethylamine (1.07 g, 10.63 mmol), and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 90 min. To the reaction mixture was poured 20 mL of water, and the white precipitate obtained was filtered, and the solid was washed with water (3×5 mL). The solid was blow dried for Ih. The crude material was loaded on a silica gel column and eluted with a gradient starting with ethyl acetate/ heptane (3/7), and ending with pure ethyl acetate. The desired fractions were combined and solvent distilled off to give a very light yellow solid, which was dried at 45 °C in a vacuum oven with nitrogen purge for 15 h to give the title compound (2.3 g, 61% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- D6) δ ppm 0.88 (d, J=6.61 Hz, 6 H) 0.93 (d, J=6.72 Hz, 6 H) 1.11 (s, 9 H) 1.63 (d, J=5.42 Hz, 2 H) 1.80 – 2.04 (m, 8 H) 2.09 – 2.19 (m, 2 H) 2.44 – 2.47 (m, 2 H) 3.52 (s, 6 H) 3.59 – 3.66 (m, 2 H) 3.77 – 3.84 (m, 2 H) 4.02 (t, J=8.40 Hz, 2 H) 4.42 (dd, J=7.86, 4.83 Hz, 2 H) 5.14 (d, J=6.18 Hz, 2 H) 6.17 (d, J=8.67 Hz, 2 H) 6.94 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 2 H) 7.13 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 4 H) 7.31 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 2 H) 7.50 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 4 H) 9.98 (s, 2 H).
Alternately, the product from example 37E (11.7 g, 85 wt%, 25.8 mmol) and the product from example 37B (15.45 g, 56.7 mmol) are suspended in EtOAc (117 mL), diisopropylethylamine (18.67 g, 144 mmol) is added and the solution is cooled to 0 °C. In a separate flask, 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P®) (46.0 g, 50 wt% in EtOAc, 72.2 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (58.5 mL), and charged to an addition funnel. The T3P solution is added to the reaction mixture drop-wise over 3-4 h and stirred until the reaction is complete. The reaction is warmed to room temperature,and washed with IM HCl/7.5 wt% NaCl (100 mL), then washed with 5% NaHCO3 (100 mL), then washed with 5% NaCl solution (100 mL). The solution was concentrated to approximately 60 mL, EtOH (300 mL) was added, and the solution was concentrated to 84 g solution.
A portion of the EtOH solution of product (29 g) was heated to 40 °C, and added 134 g 40 w% EtOH in H2O. A slurry of seeds in 58 wt/wt% EtOH/H2O was added, allowed to stir at 40 °C for several hours, then cooled to 0 °C. The slurry is then filtered, and washed with 58wt/wt% EtOH/H2O. The product is dried at 40 – 60 °C under vacuum, and then rehydrated by placing a tray of water in the vacuum oven to give the title compound. The title compound showed an EC50 value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV lb-Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.
Example 34A l-(4-fer?-butylphenyl)-2,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine The product from Example 1C (3.67 g, 7.51 mmol) and 4-tert-butylaniline (11.86 ml, 75 mmol) in DMF (40 ml) was stirred under nitrogen at 50 °C for 4 h. The resulting mixture was diluted into ethyl acetate, treated with IM HCl, stirred for 10 minutes and filtered to remove solids. The filtrate organic layer was washed twice with brine, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (5% to 30%) to give a solid. The solid was triturated in a minimal volume of 1 :9 ethyl acetate/hexane to give a light yellow solid as a mixture of trans and cis isomers (1.21 g, 36%).
Example 34B 4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)dianiline and 4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-fert- butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)dianiline To a solution of the product from Example 34A (1.1 g, 2.47 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml) and
THF (20 ml) was added PtC>2 (0.22 g, 0.97 mmol) in a 50 ml pressure bottle and stirred under 30 psi hydrogen at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was filtered through a nylon membrane and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (20% to 60%). The title compound eluted as the first of 2 stereoisomers (trans isomer, 0.51 g, 54%).
Example 34C
(2S,2’S)-tert-Butyl 2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-fer/’-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)dipyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate and (2S,2’S)-tert-Butyl 2,2′- (4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)dipyrrolidine-1-carboxylate To a mixture of the product from Example 34B (250 mg, 0.648 mmol), (S)-1-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (307 mg, 1.427 mmol) and HATU (542 mg, 1.427 mmol) in DMSO (10 ml) was added Hunig’s base (0.453 ml, 2.59 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was partitioned with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (10% to 50%) to give the title compound (500 mg, 99%).
Example 34D
(2S,2’S)-N,N’-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-ter/’-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))dipyrrolidine-2-carboxamide and (2S,2’S)-N,N’-(4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-tert- butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l-phenylene))dipyrrolidine-2-carboxamide To the product from Example 34C (498 mg, 0.638 mmol) in dichloromethane (4 ml) was added TFA (6 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between 3: 1 CHCl3dsopropyl alcohol and saturated aq. NaHCO3. The aqueous layer was extracted by 3: 1 CHCl3:isopropyl alcohol again. The combined organic layers were dried over
filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (345 mg, 93%).
Example 34E Dimethyl (2S,2’S)-l,r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-fert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 -oxobutane-2, 1 – diyl)dicarbamate and
The product from Example 34D (29.0 mg, 0.050 mmol), (S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3- methylbutanoic acid (19.27 mg, 0.110 mmol), EDAC (21.09 mg, 0.110 mmol), HOBT (16.85 mg,
0.110 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (0.027 ml, 0.250 mmol) were combined in DMF (2 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The mixture was partitioned with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine twice, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (50% to 80%) to give a solid. The solid was triturated with ethyl acetate/hexane to give the title compound (13 mg, 29%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ ppm 0.85 – 0.95 (m, 12 H) 1.11 (s, 9 H) 1.59 – 1.65 (m, 2 H) 1.79 – 2.04 (m, 8 H) 2.10 – 2.18 (m, 2 H) 2.41-2.46 (m, 2H) 3.52 (s, 6 H)
Hz, 2 H) 7.50 (d, J=8.24 Hz, 4 H) 9.98 (s, 2 H); (ESI+) m/z 895 (M+H)+. The title compound showed an EC50 value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV lb-Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.
The product from Example 34E was purified by chiral chromatography on a Chiralpak AD-H semi-prep column eluting with a 2:1 mixture of hexane:(2: l isopropyl alcohol: EtOH). The title compound was the second of 2 diastereomers to elute. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ ppm 0.87
Example 37A (S)-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoate To a mixture of (S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoic acid (19.66 g, 112 mmol) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (13.29g, 116 mmol) was added ethyl acetate (250 ml), and the mixture was cooled to 0-5 °C. Diisopropylcarbodiimide (13.88 g, 110 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0-5 °C for about 1 hour. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. The solids (diisopropylurea by-product) were filtered and rinsed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to an oil. Isopropyl alcohol (200 ml) was added to the oil and the mixture was heated to about 50 °C to obtain a homogeneous solution. Upon cooling, crystalline solids formed. The solids were filtered and washed with isopropyl alcohol (3 x 20 ml) and dried to give the title compound as a white solid (23.2 g, 77% yield).
Example 37B
(S)- 1 -((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid To a mixture of L-proline (4.44g, 38.6 mmol), water (20 ml), acetonitrile (20 ml) and DIEA (9.5 g, 73.5 mmol) was added a solution of the product from Example 37A (1Og, 36.7 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 inL) over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solution was concentrated under vacuum to remove the acetonitrile. To the resulting clear water solution was added 6N HCl (9 ml) until pH ~ 2 .The solution was transferred to a separatory funnel and 25% NaCl (10 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (75 ml), and then again with ethyl acetate (6 x 20 ml), and the combined extracts were washed with 25% NaCl (2 x 10ml). The solvent was evaporated to give a thick oil. Heptane was added and the solvent was evaporated to give a foam, which was dried under high vacuum. Diethyl ether was added and the solvent was evaporated to give a foam, which was dried under high vacuum to give the title compound (10.67g) as a white solid.
The compound of Example 37B can also be prepreared according to the following procedure: To a flask was charged L- valine (35 g, 299 mmol), IN sodium hydroxide solution (526 ml,
526 mmol) and sodium carbonate (17.42 g, 164 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 min to dissolve solids and then cooled to 15 °C. Methyl chloroformate (29.6 g, 314 mmol) was added slowly to the reaction mixture. The mixture was then stirred at rt for 30 min. The mixture was cooled to 15 °C and pH adjusted to -5.0 with concentrated HCl solution. 100 inL of 2-methytetrahydrofuran (2- MeTHF) was added and the adjustment of pH continued until the pH reached ~ 2.0. 150 mL of 2- MeTHF was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. Layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with 100 mL of 2-MeTHF. The combined organic layer was dried over anhyd Na2SC^ and filtered, and Na2SC^ cake was washed with 50 mL of 2-MeTHF. The product solution was concentrated to ~ 100 mL, chased with 120 mL of IPAc twice. 250 mL of heptanes was charged slowly and then the volume of the mixture was concentrated to 300 mL. The mixture was heated to 45 °C and 160 mL of heptanes charged. The mixture was cooled to rt in 2h, stirred for 30 min, filtered and washed with 2-MeTHF/heptanes mixture (1:7, 80 inL). The wetcake was dried at 55 °C for 24 h to give 47.1 g of Moc-L- VaI-OH product as a white solid (90%).
Moc-L- VaI-OH (15O g, 856 mmol), HOBt hydrate (138 g, 899 mmol) and DMF (1500 ml) were charged to a flask. The mixture was stirred for 15 min to give a clear solution. EDC hydrochloride (172 g, 899 mmol) was charged and mixed for 20 min. The mixture was cooled to 13
°C and (L)-proline benzyl ester hydrochloride (207 g, 856 mmol) charged. Triethylamine (109 g,
1079 mmol) was then charged in 30 min. The resulting suspension was mixed at rt for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 15 °C and 1500 mL of 6.7% NaHCO3 charged in 1.5 h, followed by the addition of 1200 mL of water over 60 min. The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min, filtered and washed with water/DMF mixture (1 :2, 250 mL) and then with water (1500 mL). The wetcake was dried at 55 °C for 24 h to give 282 g of product as a white solid (90%).
The resulting solids (40 g) and 5% Pd/ Alumina were charged to a Parr reactor followed by THF (160 mL). The reactor was sealed and purged with nitrogen (6 x 20 psig) followed by a hydrogen purge (6 x 30 psig). The reactor was pressurized to 30 psig with hydrogen and agitated at room temperature for approximately 15 hours. The resulting slurry was filtered through a GF/F filter and concentrated to approximately 135 g solution. Heptane was added (120 mL), and the solution was stirred until solids formed. After an addition 2 – 3 hours additional heptane was added drop-wise (240 mL), the slurry was stirred for approximately 1 hour, then filtered. The solids were dried to afford the title compound.
The product from Example 32 (5.01 g, 13.39 mmol) was combined with 2- methyltetrahydrofuran (70 mL) and cooled to -5 °C, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (6.81 g, 52.7 mmol) was added over 30 seconds. Separately, a solution of methanesulfonic anhydride (6.01 g, 34.5 mmol) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was prepared and added to the diol slurry over 3 min., maintaining the internal temperature between -15 °C and -25 °C. After mixing for 5 min at -15 °C, the cooling bath was removed and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to 23 °C and mixed for 30 minutes. After reaction completion, the crude slurry was carried immediately into the next step.
To the crude product solution from Example 37C (7.35 g, 13.39 mmol) was added 4-tert- butylaniline (13.4 g, 90 mmol) at 23 °C over 1 minute. The reaction was heated to 65 °C for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to 23 °C and diluted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and 1 M HCl (150 mL). After partitioning the phases, the organic phase was treated with 1 M HCl (140 mL), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (50 mL), and 25 wt% aq. NaCl (100 mL), and the phases were partitioned. The organic phase was washed with 25 wt% aq. NaCl (50 mL), dried over MgSO/t, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to approximately 20 mL. Heptane (30 mL) and additional 2- methyltetrahydrofuran were added in order to induce crystallization. The slurry was concentrated further, and additional heptane (40 mL) was slowly added and the slurry was filtered, washing with 2- methyltetrahydrofuran:heptane (1:4, 20 mL). The solids were suspended in MeOH (46 mL) for 3 h, filtered, and the wet solid was washed with additional MeOH (18 mL). The solid was dried at 45 °C in a vacuum oven for 16 h to provide the title compound (3.08 g, 51% 2-step yield).
To a 160 ml Parr stirrer hydrogenation vessel was added the product from Example 37D (2 g, 4.49 mmol), followed by 60 ml of THF, and Raney Nickel Grace 2800 (1 g, 50 wt% (dry basis)) under a stream of nitrogen. The reactor was assembled and purged with nitrogen (8 x 20 psig) followed by purging with hydrogen (8 x 30 psig). The reactor was then pressurized to 30 psig with hydrogen and agitation (700 rpm) began and continued for a total of 16 h at room temperature. The slurry was filtered by vacuum filtration using a GF/F Whatman glass fiber filter. Evaporation of the filtrate to afford a slurry followed by the addition heptane and filtration gave the crude title compound, which was dried and used directly in the next step.
Example 37F dimethyl (2S,2’S)-l,r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4, l- phenylene)bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene))bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 -oxobutane-2, 1 – diy 1) die arb amate To a solution of the product from Example 37E (1.64 g, 4.25 mmol) in DMF (20 ml), the product from Example 37B (2.89 g, 10.63 mmol), and HATU (4.04 g, 10.63 mmol) in DMF (15OmL) was added triethylamine (1.07 g, 10.63 mmol), and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 90 min. To the reaction mixture was poured 20 mL of water, and the white precipitate obtained was filtered, and the solid was washed with water (3×5 mL). The solid was blow dried for Ih. The crude material was loaded on a silica gel column and eluted with a gradient starting with ethyl acetate/ heptane (3/7), and ending with pure ethyl acetate. The desired fractions were combined and solvent distilled off to give a very light yellow solid, which was dried at 45 °C in a vacuum oven with nitrogen purge for 15 h to give the title compound (2.3 g, 61% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- D6) δ ppm 0.88 (d, J=6.61 Hz, 6 H) 0.93 (d, J=6.72 Hz, 6 H) 1.11 (s, 9 H) 1.63 (d, J=5.42 Hz, 2 H) 1.80 – 2.04 (m, 8 H) 2.09 – 2.19 (m, 2 H) 2.44 – 2.47 (m, 2 H) 3.52 (s, 6 H) 3.59 – 3.66 (m, 2 H) 3.77 – 3.84 (m, 2 H) 4.02 (t, J=8.40 Hz, 2 H) 4.42 (dd, J=7.86, 4.83 Hz, 2 H) 5.14 (d, J=6.18 Hz, 2 H) 6.17 (d, J=8.67 Hz, 2 H) 6.94 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 2 H) 7.13 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 4 H) 7.31 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 2 H) 7.50 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 4 H) 9.98 (s, 2 H).
Alternately, the product from example 37E (11.7 g, 85 wt%, 25.8 mmol) and the product from example 37B (15.45 g, 56.7 mmol) are suspended in EtOAc (117 mL), diisopropylethylamine (18.67 g, 144 mmol) is added and the solution is cooled to 0 °C. In a separate flask, 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P®) (46.0 g, 50 wt% in EtOAc, 72.2 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (58.5 mL), and charged to an addition funnel. The T3P solution is added to the reaction mixture drop-wise over 3-4 h and stirred until the reaction is complete. The reaction is warmed to room temperature,and washed with IM HCl/7.5 wt% NaCl (100 mL), then washed with 5% NaHCO3 (100 mL), then washed with 5% NaCl solution (100 mL). The solution was concentrated to approximately 60 mL, EtOH (300 mL) was added, and the solution was concentrated to 84 g solution.
A portion of the EtOH solution of product (29 g) was heated to 40 °C, and added 134 g 40 w% EtOH in H2O. A slurry of seeds in 58 wt/wt% EtOH/H2O was added, allowed to stir at 40 °C for several hours, then cooled to 0 °C. The slurry is then filtered, and washed with 58wt/wt% EtOH/H2O. The product is dried at 40 – 60 °C under vacuum, and then rehydrated by placing a tray of water in the vacuum oven to give the title compound. The title compound showed an EC50 value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV lb-Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.
To (S)-(-)-α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrohdinemethanol (2 71 g, 10 70 mmol) was added THF (80 mL) at 23 °C The very thin suspension was treated with t11methyl borate (1 44 g, 13 86 mmol) over 30 seconds, and the resulting solution was mixed at 23 °C for 1 h The solution was cooled to 16-19 °C, and N,N-diethylanilme borane (21 45 g, 132 mmol) was added dropwise via syringe over 3-5 mm (caution vigorous H2 evolution), while the internal temperature was maintained at 16-19 °C After 15 mm, the H2 evolution had ceased To a separate vessel was added the product from Example IA (22 04 g, 95 wt%, 63 8 mmol), followed by THF (80 mL), to form an orange slurry After cooling the slurry to 11 °C, the borane solution was transferred via cannula into the dione slurry over 3-5 min During this period, the internal temperature of the slurry rose to 16 °C After the addition was complete, the reaction was maintained at 20-27 °C for an additional 2 5 h After reaction completion, the mixture was cooled to 5 °C and methanol (16 7 g, 521 mmol) was added dropwise over 5-10 mm, maintaining an internal temperature <20 °C (note vigorous H2 evolution) After the exotherm had ceased (ca 10 mm), the temperature was adjusted to 23 °C, and the reaction was mixed until complete dissolution of the solids had occurred Ethyl acetate (300 mL) and 1 M HCl (120 mL) were added, and the phases were partitioned The organic phase was then washed successively with 1 M HCl (2 x 120 mL), H2O (65 mL), and 10% aq NaCl (65 mL) The orgamcs were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo Crystallization of the product occurred during the concentration The slurry was warmed to 50 °C, and heptane (250 inL) was added over 15 min. The slurry was then allowed to mix at 23 °C for 30 min and filtered. The wet cake was washed with 3: 1 heptane:ethyl acetate (75 mL), and the orange, crystalline solids were dried at 45 °C for 24 h to provide the title compound (15.35 g, 99.3% ee, 61% yield), which was contaminated with 11% of the meso isomer (vs. dl isomer).
Jordan J. Feld; Kris V. Kowdley; Eoin Coakley; Samuel Sigal; David R. Nelson; Darrell Crawford; Ola Weiland; Humberto Aguilar; Junyuan Xiong; Tami Pilot-Matias; Barbara DaSilva-Tillmann; Lois Larsen; Thomas Podsadecki & Barry Bernstein (2014). “Treatment of HCV with ABT-450/r–Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir with Ribavirin”. N Engl J Med370: 1594–1603. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1315722.
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